本研究以65 位日中雙語者為研究對象，探討五種語義重合方式的中日同形詞（同形同義、日＜中、日＞中、日＞＜中、同形異義）如何影響其從事中文詞彙判斷的表現。結果顯示，日中雙語者在預期純日文詞可能出現的心理下，同形同義詞與控制詞相比也失去促進作用，但與其他同形詞相比，在正確率和反應時間上仍佔優勢。同形異義詞和日＞＜中詞的反應時間比同形同義詞長，表示語義不重合或僅少部分重合且在中、日文語意範圍都廣的詞，會產生較大的抑制效應。進一步考量日中雙語者的華語程度、對詞彙用法熟悉度與同形詞音似度的效應時發現，三者對反應正確率都有正向的影響。華語較低程度（B1）者在日＞中和同形異義詞正確率最低，顯示同形詞在日文語義較廣或語義完全不同都容易造成認知衝突。此外，中日文詞頻的效果不一致，中文詞頻有促進反應的正向作用，但日文詞頻卻有負向的抑制作用，且詞頻與其他因子也有顯著的交互作用。整體結果指向日中雙語者在從事中文詞彙判斷任務時，仍會非選擇性地激活日文詞彙的意義，而隨著同形詞語義重合部分減少或語義範圍更廣，反應時間增加，正確率降低。此結果支持同形詞雙詞素表徵並符合BIA＋模型的預測，即字形、語音、語義協調共振可產生促進效應。

This study investigates how different patterns of semantic overlap in Sino-Japanese cognates influence Chinese lexical decision performance among Japanese learners of Chinese as a second language (CSL). While previous research on bilingual lexical access has primarily focused on Indo-European language pairs and has often adopted a binary distinction between cognates and interlingual homographs, the present study addresses a critical gap by examining the fine-grained semantic diversity of cognates in a non-alphabetic writing system. Specifically, it explores how varying degrees and configurations of semantic overlap between Chinese and Japanese cognates modulate response accuracy and response time in a Chinese lexical decision task, and how these effects interact with learners’ Chinese proficiency, lexical familiarity, phonological similarity, and word frequency in both languages. A total of 65 Japanese–Chinese bilinguals and 45 Chinese monolingual controls participated in the experiment. The bilingual participants were native speakers of Japanese learning Chinese in Taiwan and ranged from intermediate (B1) to advanced (C1) proficiency levels, as determined by HSK or TOCFL speedy screening tests. The monolingual control group consisted of native Mandarin speakers with no knowledge of Japanese. All participants completed a computerized Chinese lexical decision task in which they were required to judge whether visually presented two-character items were valid Chinese words. Importantly, bilingual participants were informed in advance that pure Japanese words written in Chinese characters could appear and that these should be rejected, thereby inducing an expectation of cross-language interference. The experimental stimuli consisted exclusively of two-character Chinese words and nonwords and included five categories of Sino-Japanese cognates classified according to their semantic overlap patterns: (1) identical cognates with fully overlapping meanings in both languages, (2) Japanese < Chinese cognates, in which the Japanese meaning constitutes a subset of the Chinese meaning, (3) Japanese > Chinese cognates, in which the Japanese meaning is broader than the Chinese meaning, (4) Japanese > < Chinese cognates, which share only partial semantic overlap while also having language-specific meanings, and (5) interlingual homographs with entirely non-overlapping meanings. Two types of non-cognate control words were also included: pure Chinese words and pure Japanese words. In addition, Chinese-like nonwords were used as fillers. After the lexical decision task, bilingual participants rated a subset of the stimuli for usage familiarity and phonological similarity between Chinese and Japanese readings. Response accuracy was analyzed using generalized linear mixed-effects models, while response times for correct responses

雙語詞彙觸接、中日同形詞、語義重合方式、非選擇性激活、 BIA＋模式

bilingual lexical access, Sino-Japanese cognates and homographs, the degree of semantic overlap, non-selective activation, BIA+ model