瞭解督導的有效性需考量督導者對督導困境的覺察與因應，而目前有關困境與因應效能的暸解仍然有限。本研究旨在透過雙矩陣督導模式架構與內涵，進行質性與量化資料收集，編製諮商督導困境與因應效能量表，期望作為督導者檢核與省思之參考。量表編製分三階段：1. 準備階段：為建構量表內涵，邀請6位督導者進行半結構深度訪談，經主題分析法歸納為59個意義編碼、27個次主題與7個核心主題。在整合質性結果與文獻後，依雙矩陣督導模式編製72題初編量表，並經5位專家內容效度檢核，修訂完成61題預試量表。2. 預試階段：以諮商督導者為對象，有效樣本97份，經項目分析與探索性因素分析形成56題正式量表。3. 正式階段：有效樣本160份，結果顯示：（1）正式量表包含「個案理解與概念化」、「諮商策略與介入」、「諮商關係」、「受督者」、「督導關係」、「督導者」、「脈絡因素」7個分量表。（2）各分量表具備良好內部一致性與穩定性，且收斂、區別及效標關聯效度均佳。本研究除發展本土化量表外，更發現華人社會人情與和諧文化下，督導者面對人與關係議題的困境較高。此發現深化對本土督導困境的理解，為西方理論在地應用提供實證基礎，並對未來督導工作、訓練及研究提出具體建議。

Counseling supervision serves as the cornerstone of professional training in the counseling profession. Its operational quality is not only crucial for the development of counselors’ practical competence but also directly influences client welfare. Supervision acts as a critical gatekeeping mechanism, ensuring that therapeutic services meet ethical standards and that the well-being of clients is protected. However, achieving these ideal functions is fraught with challenges. The supervision process involves complex interpersonal dynamics, power differentials, and contextual pressures, which can create significant difficulties for supervisors. Consequently, the issue of negative impacts resulting from supervision—such as harmful supervision—has gradually gained attention in recent literature. Research indicates that if difficulties within the supervision process are not properly addressed, they can lead to detrimental outcomes, impeding supervisee growth and potentially harming clients. Although previous studies have extensively explored supervision competence or the supervisory relationship, few have simultaneously focused on specific “supervision difficulties” and the supervisors’ “coping efficacy” when facing these difficulties. Most existing measures focus on general self-efficacy rather than situational coping. In reality, whether a supervisor possesses the self-efficacy, defined as the belief in one’s ability to effectively handle the situation, when facing difficulties is the key to transforming difficulties into opportunities for growth. To bridge this gap, this study aimed to develop the “Counseling Supervision Difficulties and Coping Efficacy Scale” using the Double Matrix Model of Supervision as the theoretical framework. By employing this comprehensive model, which covers the therapeutic system, the supervisory system, and wider contextual factors, this study sought to develop a scale with good reliability, validity, and adaptability to the local culture, assisting supervisors in identifying difficulties and enhancing their confidence in coping. This study adopted an exploratory sequential mixed research design conducted in three phases to ensure the scale reflected local practices and possessed rigorous psychometric properties. In the preparation phase, the primary goal was to construct the content of the scale based on qualitative data. Six counseling supervisors were selected through purposive and snowball sampling for semi-structured in-depth interviews. The participants included five females and one male. In terms of educational background, five held Master’s degrees in counseling, and one was a doctoral student. To capture a comprehensive range of experiences, the sample included supervisors at different developmental stages: two novice supervisors (with 1 and 3 years of experience), two intermediate supervisors (with 6 and 7 years of experience), and two expert supervisors (with 13 and 16 years of experience). The formal interview guide covered three main areas: (1) Clarification of the definitions of supervision difficulties and coping strategies; (2) An overview of the participants’ supervision experience; and (3) A request for participants to recall at least 4 to 5 specific supervision experiences, describing the specific difficulty encountered, the impact it had on their work, and how they handled or coped with the situation. Thematic analysis yielded 59 meaning codes, 27 sub-themes, and 7 core themes. Integrating these qualitative results with literature,

諮商督導、諮商督導困境、困境因應效能、雙矩陣督導模式

counseling supervision, counseling supervision difficulties, coping efficacy, double matrix model of supervision