心理堅韌力、正向情緒為適應逆境的重要因素，然而過去研究顯少以正向因素探討分手調適。本研究以Fredrickson（2001）提出「擴展建立理論」探討個體調適分手的路徑模式，並結合「壓力、評估及因應理論」，以釐清個體在不同認知評估之分手調適。本研究於網路平臺招募有效樣本339 位，平均年齡24.23 歲，研究工具為心理堅韌力量表、分手認知評估量表、區別情緒量表修訂版、發現益處與分手調適量表修訂版。結果發現：（1）心理堅韌力與正向情緒、分手調適間有顯著正相關；（2）正向情緒與發現益處間有顯著正相關；發現益處與分手調適間有顯著正相關；（3）威脅認知評估與心理堅韌力間有顯著負相關；挑戰認知評估與心理堅韌力間有顯著正相關；（4）當認知評估為威脅時，個體透過正向情緒、發現益處提高分手調適；（5）當認知評估為挑戰時，個體透過心理堅韌力提升正向情緒、發現益處提高分手調適。本研究意涵，心理堅韌力可藉由「擴展建立理論」中展現正向情緒向上螺旋特性，在分手事件幫助個體有較多思考—行動力，擴展知覺與思考能力、發現益處，提升分手調適。納入認知評估後，威脅認知評估直接透過正向情緒影響發現益處、分手調適；而挑戰認知評估藉由「擴展建立理論」之路徑影響分手調適。

Emerging adulthood constitutes a distinct developmental period characterized by identity exploration, relational instability, and the gradual assumption of adult roles (Arnett, 2000). Romantic dissolution is particularly prevalent during this life stage as individuals repeatedly engage in forming, negotiating, and terminating intimate relationships. Although breakups are common, they carry considerable emotional and psychological impact, often eliciting distress, rumination, and disruptions to daily functioning. Yet, romantic dissolution can also serve as a developmental inflection point from which individuals derive insight, maturity, and strengthened personal resources. Consequently, it is of both theoretical and practical importance to elucidate the psychological mechanisms that facilitate adaptive adjustment to breakup experiences among emerging adults. Drawing on Fredrickson’s Broaden-Build Theory of positive emotions (Fredrickson, 2001), the present study investigated how cognitive appraisal, resilience, positive emotions, and benefit finding jointly contribute to breakup adjustment. Existing scholarship on romantic dissolution has primarily emphasized its adverse consequences—such as depressive symptoms, emotional turmoil, or relational grief—while comparatively fewer studies have examined the positive psychological processes that may promote growth or adaptive functioning after relational loss. Additionally, the role of cognitive appraisal from “Stress, Appraisal and Coping Theory” (Lazarus & Folkman, 1984), especially the distinction between challenge and threat evaluations of stressful events, has received limited empirical attention in the context of breakup recovery. The present study addresses this gap by integrating appraisal theory with positive psychological constructs to elaborate a more comprehensive framework for understanding post-breakup adaptation. Resilience, defined as the capacity to withstand, recover from, and grow through adversity (Block & Kremen, 1996), constitutes a central personal resource in this framework. Resilient individuals are more likely to employ adaptive coping strategies, maintain emotional stability, and experience constructive affective states during stressful circumstances. Within the broaden-and-build perspective, positive emotions are viewed not merely as transient affective reactions but as catalysts that expand one’s cognitive and behavioral repertoires, thereby fostering the development of enduring intrapersonal and interpersonal resources. Benefit finding—referring to the perception of personal growth, meaningful insights (Helmrath & Steinitz, 1978; Thompson & Janigian, 1988), or enhanced self-understanding arising from adversity (Cassidy et al., 2014)—is conceptualized as an outcome of these broadened cognitive processes. Past researches indicated that resilience, positive emotion and benefit finding are the important factors for individual’s

分手調適、心理堅韌力、正向情緒、發現益處、認知評估

breakup adjustment, resilience, positive emotion, benefit finding, cognitive appraisal