本研究旨在探討母親內隱母愛、外顯母愛與兒女母愛感受之間的關係，並分析母親與兒女因素對 母愛付出與感受的影響。本研究收集全臺高中生及其母親共 427 對母兒配對樣本，採用結構方程 模型進行驗證。研究結果顯示，母親的母愛付出顯著高於兒女的母愛感受；內隱母愛（情感與犧 牲）透過外顯母愛（照顧供應、親近、補償）間接影響兒女的母愛感受，母親的外顯行為對兒女 感受母愛具有關鍵作用。研究亦發現，兒女的行為表現影響母親的母愛付出，當兒女表現較佳， 母親的內隱與外顯母愛皆會提升，顯示母愛與兒女行為之間存在互動影響。高教育程度的母親展 現較多內隱情感和親近行為，婚姻困難會削弱母親的內隱情感，經濟困難的母親則傾向以犧牲與 補償來表達母愛。母親的外顯母愛（特別是親近行為）能顯著提升兒女的母愛感受，母親的陪伴 與偏心自己也是，偏心其他手足和打罵則會降低兒女的母愛感受。兒女的母愛感受影響其行為表 現，當兒女感受到更多的母愛時，較可能有聽話、孝順、功課好等表現。本研究建立了母愛與兒 女表現之間的互動機制，並建議母親透過更多親近行為來強化母愛傳遞，政府資源和家庭教育應 協助母親在經濟或婚姻壓力下維持穩定的母愛表達，以促進良好的親子互動與兒女發展。

This study investigates the dynamic relationships between maternal implicit love, explicit love, and children’s perceptions of maternal love, as well as the interplay of maternal and child background factors that shape these processes. Grounded in prior literature, maternal love is conceptualized as comprising two dimensions: Implicit maternal love, which reflects a mother’s inner emotions, sacrifice, will, and expectations toward her children; and explicit maternal love, which is expressed through concrete behaviors such as caregiving, proximity, and compensatory actions. Children’s perception of maternal love represents their subjective appraisal of how these implicit and explicit dimensions are conveyed and experienced. The present research not only compares maternal self-reports with children’s perceptions but also explores how maternal education, marital and economic difficulties, children’s gender, birth order, and behavioral performance interact to influence the transmission and reception of maternal love. A total of 427 matched mother–child dyads from junior and senior high schools across Taiwan were recruited through stratified regional sampling. The Maternal Love Scale (Huang, 2019–2021) and the Perceived Maternal Love Scale adapted for adolescents were employed, both with robust reliability and validity indices (CR = .83– .95; AVE = .70– .80). Maternal background factors (education, marital difficulty, economic stress) and children’s factors (gender, age, birth order, self- and mother-reported performance, perceptions of maternal partiality, discipline, and companionship) were included. Structural equation modeling using PLS-SEM was applied to examine hypothesized relationships and mediation effects. The results revealed several significant findings. First, mothers reported significantly higher levels of both implicit and explicit love than those perceived by their children, indicating a substantial perception gap. Except for one compensatory item, mothers’ self-rated love consistently exceeded children’s perceptions across emotional, sacrificial, caregiving, and intimacy domains. This gap suggests that while mothers believe they provide abundant love, children may not fully internalize or recognize these expressions, especially in routine caregiving or disciplinary contexts. Second, implicit maternal love did not directly predict children’s perception of love (β = -0.011, ns). Instead, its influence was mediated by explicit maternal behaviors. Implicit love strongly predicted explicit caregiving and intimacy (β = .742, p < .001), and explicit love in turn predicted children’s perception of love (β = .476, p < .001). Thus, the transmission of maternal love is contingent on observable behaviors–children’s perceptions are shaped more by what mothers do than by what they feel internally. Third, children’s behavioral performance significantly influenced maternal love. Better child performance (obedience, filial piety, politeness, academic success, and manageability) predicted higher maternal implicit emotions and sacrifice (R² = .286),

母愛、母愛感受、內隱母愛、外顯母愛、親子互動

maternal love, perception of maternal love, implicit maternal love, explicit maternal love, parent-child interaction