睡美人與曇花一現在書目計量學中是兩種特殊引文現象：前者是指一篇學術論文在出版後長期未受關注 ，多年後卻突然獲得大量引用；後者則相反 ，一篇論文在出版後立即獲得大量引用 ，卻也快速失去影響力。這兩類論文對既有以短期引用區間來進行的論文影響力評估指標 ，構成理論與方法的挑戰與省思。本文透過文獻回顧來歸納這兩種引文現象的成因 、論文特性 、以及既有實徵研究用來辨識這兩類特殊引用論文的方法。在睡美人及其相關之喚醒文獻部分 ，有平均數 、分位數及無參數三大辨識取徑 ，無參數指標主要有 B 係數及 K 指標。至於曇花一現 ，多數研究經常使用以 B 係數來延伸的引文角度 β、Bcp 指標 、及動態領域標準化影響係數。

The “sleeping beauty” and “flash-in-a-pan” are two unique citation phenomena in bibliometrics studies. The former refers to those research papers that were neglected or uncited for a long time after their publication but later showed a sudden surge of citation impact. The latter refers to the opposite; a paper receives immediate and numerous citations after its publication but also loses its impact in a very short time. These two citation phenomena constitute theoretical and methodological challenges to the existing citation impact measures that are based mostly on shorter citation windows. Through literature review this article summarizes the possible reasons for the unique citation patterns and the identified characteristics of papers with such citation patterns. It goes on to introduce the methods used in the existing empirical studies to identify papers with the unique citation patterns. For the sleeping beauties and their associated awakening papers, three major approaches have been used: the average-based, quartile-based, and parameter free methods – the “beauty coefficient” and “K value indicator” are of the parameter free measures. For the flash-in-the-pan papers, existing research often employed the beauty coefficient based measures to identify the papers with the opposite patterns; the citation angle β, beauty coefficient percentage index (Bcp) dynamically field-normalized impact scores (DNIC) are such measures for the purpose.

睡美人文獻;曇花一現文獻;喚醒文獻;引文模式;科研論文

Sleeping beauty papers; Flash-in-the-pan papers; Awakening papers; Citation patterns; Scientific papers