本文以明儒蔣信為個案，探討其在明代中期理學競逐背景下，學思轉變與建立學術認同的歷程。全文分為四部分，第一、二部分追蹤蔣信與王陽明接觸為其靜坐學說吸引，但因思想基礎之差異及對同鄉陽明後學傳學之不滿，最終出離陽明學。接著，蔣信在南京遇到湛若水，因學問契合而轉入湛學，為湛門招納弟子抵制陽明學的過程。第三部分論述蔣信在湖南獨立講學，宣揚湛學，為之樹立道統，在道統論上處處以陽明學為對手。蔣信以湛學門人自任的思想力量強大，並將之轉化成對同門異學的排擠和清理。第四部分則透過當時儒者的觀察及蔣信的自述，多角度透視蔣信的學術認同。本文藉由蔣信思想認同轉變的個案，旨在一方面回視《明儒學案》對蔣信學術認同、學派劃分的理據所在及其不足之處，另一方面借助《學案》將儒者放在明代中期理學多元競爭的格局中，觀察具有理學追求的士人在時風眾勢下如何為接納和宣揚一門學派而自處處人。

Jiang Xing, from Hunan, was a noted scholar-official in the mid-Ming period. His biography and selected writings are found in Huang Zongxi’s Mingru Xue’an, an indispensable source book for Ming Confucian thought and intellectual history. In Huang’s view, Jiang followed the Wang Yangming school in Hunan and Hubei. This article, however, shows that while Jiang indeed once learned under Wang, he soon began doubt Wang’s teachings. In around 1523, meeting with the other great scholar of the time, Zhan Ruoshui, he was completely drawn to Zhan’s philosophical doctrines. Throughout Jiang’ academic career, he was devoted to spreading Zhan’s teaching by recruiting followers, giving lectures, and constructing within Zhan’s school the transmission of ancient Way, while rebutting and competing with Wang’s views. He himself identified as a disciple of Zhan, but not Wang. This article, in addition to correcting Mingru Xue’an, sheds light on the shifting self-identity among intellectuals like Jiang during the mid-Ming period.

蔣信；學術認同；陽明學；甘泉學；學統

Jiang Xing; scholarly identity; Wang Yangming School; Zhan Ganquan School; Confucian orthodoxy