本研究目的在探討親子關係對於國民教育階段中兒童及青少年人格發展之影響，研究受試爲2084名國小一年級至國中三年級學生，各年級受試分別接受親子關係問卷，自我概念及內外控信念量表，此外，國小四年級至國中三年級受試尚接受情緒穩定性量表，國中一年級至國中三年級受試尚接受青年人格量表，國小一年級與四年級以及四中一年級受試尚就問題行爲接受教師之評定，全部所得資料經積差相關及多元迴歸處理分析之後，主要結果如下： 1.親子關係可有意義的可預測兒童及青少年自我概念，內控信念及情緒穩定等人格特質之發展。 2.在各項親子關係當中，父母之愛護、獎勵、拒絕及懲罰等變項對於兒童及青少年人格發展之影響，顯較父母之寬鬆、命令等變項爲大。 3.親子關係對於國小中高年級兒童以及國中階段青少年人格發展的影響，顯較國小低年級學生爲大。 4.父子關係與母子關係對於兒童及青少年人格發展具有同樣重要之影響。

The objective of the present research is to study the relationships between parental child-rearing practices and personality development of children in their school years. The subjects, 2084 in number, are drawn from grade 1 to grade 9 from two elementary and two junior high schools in Taipei area. All the subjects have been given Parent-Child Relation Questionnaire, Tennessee Self-Concept Scale and Children's Internal-External Control Scale. In addition, subjects in grades 4 to 9 have been given the Emotional Maturity Scale, and those in grades 7 to 9 have taken Eysenck's Juvenile Personality Inventory. Children in the ist, 4th and 7th grades are also rated by their classroom teachers on certain problem behaviors. Multiple regression analyses have been employed and the results indicate that most of the personality variables can be significantly predicted by parental child-rearing practices. The self-concept, internality, emotional maturity of the subjects are more susceptive to parental influences than their neurotic and problem behaviors. Parental loving and rejecting are more important than parental casual and demanding as far as their impacts on the personality development of the child are concern-ed. Parental child-rearing practices exert greater influences on the personality development of children in upper grade levels than those in the lower grades. Father's and mother's influences are equally important.