殷墟甲骨文中常見的 字,現多釋「圍」。其形與後世文字在字形上的聯繫, 目前尚無可靠線索。故本文試圖主要立足於先尋找到其不同用法所表合適之 「詞」,再來考慮字形說解,從而解決其考釋問題。該字作田獵動詞的用法,讀 「圍」可信,但字形出發點即釋其字爲「韋」不可靠;大量見於軍事戰爭類卜辭 者,其所表之「詞」,又以侵犯之「犯」最爲合適,而「圍」不合。此形一字兩 讀,與很早就出現的義近複合雙音詞「範圍」有關。其原始形應作殷代族名金文 中的 類,表「有一定界限的區域」義,此即「範」與「圍」之古義,故 及其變體 等可既有「範」音又有「圍」音;侵犯之「犯」,本即由「有一定界 限的區域」義之「範」所引申或派生,故卜辭以 之變體 等表「犯」。
The character , which is generally transcribed as wei 圍, occurs frequently in Shang oracle-bone inscriptions. The decipherment of this character remains questionable. By using a method of what we call “Determining the word before deciphering the character,” this paper argues that the character in oracle-bone inscriptions can be read as either fan 犯 “to invade,” or wei 圍 “to round up,” and the reasons for this are explained in detail.
殷墟甲骨文;考釋;犯;圍;範圍
Shang oracle-bone inscriptions, decipherment; fan(犯); wei(圍); fanwei(範圍)