上古鰒、鮑不同，前者是有殼的貝類軟體動物，又叫石決明，其殼可入藥。而上古的鮑，指醃製或乾燥魚類的方式。上古以來，鰒、鮑讀音逐漸相混。鰒魚稱為鮑魚，而作為一種貯藏魚類方式的鮑則很少提及。究其原因，韻類上，鰒，上古屬於覺 1 部，鮑，上古屬幽 1 部，二者主元音和聲母都相同，韻尾相近。後來由於歷史音變，鰒字分化為屋韻和覺韻兩種讀音。中古以後，覺韻分化，逐漸和宵韻相近，依然用鮑魚指稱鰒魚，而鰒魚這一稱呼很少使用。聲類上，與「鰒」字及其聲符「复」的濁音清化以及唇齒化有關。語義上，可能與鰒魚的外形像被包裹有關。另外，《通鑑音注》記載的「鰒」字異讀「步各翻」，還反映元代鐸韻和覺韻入聲消變後混同現象。現代日常生活和科學研究中使用的鮑魚，其實就是上古的鰒魚。

　　In ancient times, 鰒 fu and 鮑 bao were different. The former is a shellfish mollusk, also known as Shi Jue Ming 石決明, and its shell can be used as medicine. 鮑 bao in Old Chinese, refers to the way of pickling or drying fish. Since the Old Chinese period, the pronunciations of 鰒 fu and 鮑 bao have gradually mixed. 鰒 fu ‘abalone’ is called 鮑 bao, while 鮑 bao as a way of curing fish is rarely mentioned. The reason is that 鰒 fu belonged to the Old Chinese Jue 覺 1 rhyme group, and 鮑 bao belonged to the Old Chinese You 幽 1 rhyme group. The main vowel and initials of the two are the same, and the codas are similar. Later, due to the historical phonetic changes, 鰒 fu was divided into two pronunciations: The Wu 屋 rhyme and the Jue 覺 rhyme. In Middle Chinese, the Jue 覺 rhyme diverged and gradually became similar to the Xiao 宵 rhyme. 鮑 bao is still used to refer to the abalone, but the name 鰒 fu is rarely used. In addition, the different pronunciation of 鰒 fu recorded in the Tongjian Yinzhu 通鑑音注 also reflects the mixed phenomenon of the Duo 鐸 rhyme and Jue 覺 rhyme in the Yuan Dynasty. The abalone used in modern daily life and scientific research is actually the Old Chinese 鰒 fu.

鰒; 鮑; 異讀; 成因

鰒 fu; 鮑 bao; different readings; cause