清初近百年的學術發展，是從理學到乾嘉考據學和新義理學的過渡時期。清 初理學仍然盛行，不但清廷致力提倡朱學，民間也有黃宗羲、李顒、孫奇逢等理 學大家之於王學修正；而在「由王返朱」及王學修正理論以外，還有部分儒者轉 從事於發揚經驗視域、凸顯經驗進路和客觀事功的新義理學建構，譬如陳確、唐 甄、顏元等人對於實行、實用、「理欲合一」、「義利合一」等新義理觀之強調，並 成為後來戴震集大成、而揚州學者焦循、淩廷堪、阮元等人發揚光大的乾嘉新義 理學之先行。他們的思想在當時雖未為時儒所重，也未產生重要影響力；但他們 所提煉的社會心理，深刻反映了上層士人外的廣大庶民心聲，具有思想之原創性。 本論文架構，即依陳確倡言理欲合一的「治生論」、唐甄本土性啟蒙思想暨事功強 調以及顏元實行哲學等脈絡展開。

The approximate one hundred years of academic developments in early Qing Dynasty was the transitional period from Confucian Idealist Philosophy to Qian-Jia Textural Research and Neo-Rational Ideology. In early Qing Dynasty, the Confucian Idealist Philosophy still prevailed. Not only the Qing government endeavored to advocate Zhu Xi's School, but also there were the great scholars of Confucian Idealist Philosophy in non-governmental circles such as Huang Zong-xi, Li Yong and Sun Qifeng who engaged in Revision of Wang Yangming’s School. In addition to the theories such as “Returning to Zhu from Wang” and Revision of Wang Yangming’s School, there were some scholars who changed to engage in the construction of Neo-Rational Ideology that exalts empirical visions, highlights empirical approaches and objective merits. For example, Chen Que, Tang Zhen and Yen Yüan et al emphasized on the perspectives of Neo-Rational Ideology such as implementation, pragmatism, “Integration of Principle and Desire”, “Integration of Righteousness and Interests”, etc., and they were the pioneers of Qianjia Neo-Rational Ideology that was agglomerated by Dai Zhen and exalted by Yangzhou Scholars such as Jiao Xun, Ruan Yuan and Lin Tingkan afterward. Although their thoughts were not valued by the contemporary scholars at that time and did not yield significant influence, the thoughts were extracted truly from social mindset that represents the extensive multitude’s heartfelt wishes other than upper-level people’s, comprising the originality of thoughts. As for the structure of this article, it is unfolded based on the contexts such as the Integration of Principle and Desire in “Theory of Managing Earthy Life” advocated by Chen Que, Tang Zhen’s native enlightenment thinking and emphasis on merits, and Yen Yüan’s philosophy of pragmatism.

新思想典範;治生論;心學事功化;習行經濟

New Model of Thinking; Theory of Managing Earthy Life; Merit of the Mind-and-Heart Learning; Economy of Learning-Practice