26期
/
2015 / 6
/
pp. 277 - 334
論朱子之學術史地位與其影響
The Status of Zhu Xi’s Theory of Metaphysics and It’s Historical Impact
作者
戴景賢 Ching-hsien Tai *
(國立中山大學中國文學系特聘教授 Distinguished Professor, Department of Chinese Literature, National Sun Yat-sen University)
戴景賢 Ching-hsien Tai *
國立中山大學中國文學系特聘教授 Distinguished Professor, Department of Chinese Literature, National Sun Yat-sen University
中文摘要

欲討論朱子之學術史地位與其影響,所須先予說明者,為「學術史」作為「歷史詮釋」之課題;與其建構之基礎。蓋因「學術史」之成為「歷史詮釋」之一部,自始即有其自身成立之條件與需求;與其它文化現象之成為歷史研究之對象不同。因此如於其所以成為「歷史詮釋」之課題,與其建構之基礎,辨之未明,即可能產生偏失。而就有關「朱子之學術史地位與其影響」之討論而言,其所必然將觸及之「學術史」課題,則為「宋學」與「理學」之不同面相;且此二者所涉及之「學術史」層面不同。所謂「宋學」,其核心概念之指涉,係建立於宋代儒學作為「儒學」之一種形態所表顯之時代性;而所謂「理學」,其核心概念之指涉,則是建立於若干宋代儒者所主張之「義理思想」所展現之「哲學性」。而二者居於中國學術史中之重要性,則皆須由「儒學」面對不同之「時代需求」所作之調適,加以分析。若以「宋學」而論,其作為「儒學」之一種形態所表顯之時代性,在於宋代儒者企圖以一種具有「道統」意義之「聖學」之體、用觀,重新詮釋「儒家」作為一種「思想派別」之立場;與「儒學」作為一種「學術概念」之性質。由是產生不同於漢、唐之規模。就「理學」而言,其作為一種「義理思想」所展現之「哲學性」,則在企圖將儒家義理之哲學論據,作出系統性之改造,以符合更為嚴格之「形而上學」之要求;由是推動儒家哲學之進步。並於其間,發展出可以「並存」之歧異形態。此二方面,朱子之地位與影響,各有不同。至於朱子於「宋學」與「理學」兩項脈絡之外,是否亦尚有一種對於中國學術史整體而言之重要性?如以朱子身後以至清季,逾七百年來所受之高度重視而觀,亦係可能之事。特此種重要性,究竟應以何種角度論之?則須另有一具說服力之論述。本文蓋即針以上種種必須釐清之重點,逐一予以檢視與解答。

英文摘要

Zhu Xi’s supreme synthesis of “Li”and“Qi,” unquestionably is the most important philosophical theory in the latter half of Chinese academic history. Yet when we try to clarify the status of Zhu Xi’s achievements in history, it is necessary to examine his work within two different contexts. The first is to examine Zhu Xi’s major achievement in the context of the philosophical development of Song Neo-Confucianism, and to estimate the value of his work. The second is to examine Zhu Xi’s academic achievement within the context of Song-Ming scholarship and to evaluate the impact of his work. The author of this article, while forming his own interpretation on Zhu Xi’s theory, tries to cover both of the above mentioned contexts. This article also provides a clear analysis of the long-lasting debates which surround Zhu’s ideas and theories, and try to give them an adequate reassessment.

中文關鍵字

朱子;理學;中國哲學史;中國思想史;理氣論

英文關鍵字

Zhu Xi; Neo-Confucianism; Song studies; history of Chinese philosophy; Chinese intellectual history