《四書》作為宋代儒者的重要經典，為宋儒提供哲學思想的養分，其義理內涵也在宋儒手中有了相當大的發揮。宋儒對《四書》中「敬」的概念有所承繼，亦有更加深入而精細的理論建構，尤以二程開其端緒。通過對《四書》中「敬」概念的考察，以及二程關於「敬」的思想討論，一方面顯現二者的同異之處，一方面也能更清晰地看見宋儒對於《四書》的繼承與轉化情形。本文分為兩部分：第一，探討《四書》中「敬」的使用狀況與意義，逐步對《論語》、《孟子》、《中庸》、《大學》進行考察，並指出其作為宋儒義理的基礎與底蘊部分；第二，研究二程的「敬」思想，呈現他們與《四書》之間的連結關係，並看見作為宋代理學大家的二程，如何進一步發展「敬」的理論，深化《四書》義理並賦予新的生命。

As the important classics of Song Dynasty, the Four Books expanded the philosophical vision of Song Dynasty Confucianists, and the ideas expressed in the Four Books were largely developed by Song Dynasty Confucianists. The Continuity of “Respect” in the Four Books by Song Dynasty Confucianists can be traced to Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi. Cheng’s Brother also more comprehensively constructed the theory of “Respect”. An investigation of the conceptions of “Respect” in the Four Books and Cheng’s Brother’s discussion, reveals not only the similarities and differences between the Four Books and Cheng’s Brother, but also the Continuity and transformation of the Four Books by Song Dynasty Confucianists. In this study, the topic will be approached from two aspects: first, to confer the states of application and meanings of “Respect” in the Four Books, including the Confucian Analects, the works of Mencius, The Doctrine of the Mean, and The Great Learning, which form the foundation of the thinking of Confucian scholars of the Song Dynasty, and secondly, to discuss the contents of “Respect” from Cheng’s Brother, and to show the connection between the Four Books and Cheng’s Brother. We can see how Cheng’s Brother developed the theory of “Respect”, expanding and refining the concepts expressed in the Four Books, and giving the work a new lease of life.

四書;二程;敬

the Four Books; Cheng’s Brother; Respect