27期
/
2015 / 12
/
pp. 125 - 160
《文與雕龍》二重「興」義及其在「興」觀念史的轉型位置
Two Meanings of “Xing” (Comparison) in Wenxin Diaolong (The Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragons) and the Transformation of “Xing” in Chinese Poetics
作者
顏崑陽 Kun-yang Yen *
(淡江大學中國文學系教授)
顏崑陽 Kun-yang Yen *
淡江大學中國文學系教授
中文摘要

「比興」是中國古代最重要的詩學觀念。劉勰也在《文心雕龍》中,特立專篇論述「比興」,其中尤以「興」義更為複雜。現代學界,討論劉勰「比興」之說的論文甚多,獨標「興」義而論者比較少。至於從「興」觀念史的脈絡,論述《文心雕龍》的「興」義究竟居於什麼關鍵性的位置?更是少有學者做出深切的論述。一般學者論述《文心雕龍》的「比興」之說,都以〈比興〉篇為依據,所論大多是劉勰因承漢儒箋釋詩騷的傳統,於「興」義所重者在於「託喻」而輕忽「起情」;然而,這僅是《文心雕龍》的第一重「興」義。〈詮賦〉、〈情采〉、〈物色〉等篇章,另有以〈比興〉篇所謂「起情」之說為主要觀念,而新變出「作者感物起情」的第二重「興」義。學界還沒有人將這二重「興」義並題而論,不僅詮釋其不同的涵義,甚且置入「興」義變遷的脈絡,探討這二重「興」義在「興」觀念史上的轉型位置。本論文就是以《文心雕龍》二重「興」義,及其在「興」觀念史的轉型位置,做為主題。首先,詮明二重「興」義的內涵;接著,從《文心雕龍》新舊「興」義並陳的狀況,揭明他在「興」觀念史的轉型位置;最後,從總體社會文化情境的視域,揭明「興」義的變遷並非孤立進行;而是伴隨著主體觀念、對象觀念的轉型,彼此相依共在,一體適變。

英文摘要

“Bi” (comparison) and “Xing” (affective image) were two important poetic ideas in ancient China. This paper discusses the two meanings of “Xing” in Wenxin Diaolong and the transformation of the idea of “Xing” First, the author explores the two meanings of “Xing” and then examines the transformation that occurs when both the old and new uses of “Xing” are presented in Wenxin Diaolong. Finally, from a socio-cultural perspective, the author argues that the transformation of the idea of “Xing” is not unilateral; instead, it always reflects the transposition of subject and object in Chinese poetics.

中文關鍵字

文心雕龍;比興;興觀念史;託喻;感物起情

英文關鍵字

Wenxin Diaolong; Bi (comparison); Xing (affective image); history of Xing; comparison; affective image