本研究通過「3~6歲漢語兒童語言樣本收集手冊」收集廣州市7位典型發展兒童在交談對話、互動遊戲、故事重述三種情境下的口語。將口語資料轉錄和處理後，借助AssistClan2.2jar程式與Clan系統，從口語指標、詞類、高頻詞三個角度來分析兒童在100句、150句、200句及整體樣本下總字/詞數、語句平均字/詞數、相異字/詞比率、最長5個語句平均字/詞數、詞類分佈、高頻詞的異同，從而探究語言指標的分佈情況及效度。本研究得到以下結論：一、總體來看，句數越多，語言指標結果與整體的結果越接近。分項來看，在口語指標上，語句增加後，各個指標變化幅度和趨勢各不相同。變化幅度從小到大依次為MLU5-c和MLU5-w、TTR-c和TTR-w、MLU-c和MLU-w、總詞數和總字數；語句增加後總字數、總詞數呈遞增趨勢，相異字詞與平均語句長度則呈遞減趨勢。二、不同取樣條件下，實詞與虛詞比率皆為8:2，各個詞類分佈情況也一致，排前列的是動詞和名詞，其次是助詞、副詞、代詞，而其它詞類較少。但從詞性來看，名詞、動詞、代詞與整體的差異較小，形容詞、數詞、介詞、連詞的差異較大。三、句數增加後，高頻詞的頻數與種類一般會增加，但各項詞類的變化幅度不同，名詞和動詞的變化較大，形容詞、量詞、代詞、虛詞的差異性較小。

The aims of this study were based on the requirements of "3 ~ 6-year-old Chinese children's language sample collection manual" to collected the spoken language of seven typical children in Guangzhou for their conversation dialogue, interactive game, and story restatement. In order to understand the validity of the Chinese children’s language sampling indicators, the researchers used Assist Clan2.2jar program and Clan system to analysis total number of character, total number of words, mean length of utterance-character, mean length of utterance-word, type-token ratio-character, type-token ratio-word, mean length of utterancecharacter of the most long five sentences, mean length of utterance-character of the most long five sentences of 100 sentences, 150 sentences, 200 sentences with the whole language sampling, after the completion of the language sampling transcription. The results of the study were as the follows: 1.In general, the more sentences, the language indicator results were closer to the overall results. In the oral indicators, when the sentences increased, the indicators would vary in the range and trends. The variation from small to large was MLU5-c and MLU5-w, TTR-c and TTR-w, MLU-c and MLU-w, TNC and TNW respectively. After the increase the numbers of the sentence, the total number of words/ character were increased. The type-token ratio and mean length of utterance was decreased slightly. 2.Based on the different language sampling conditions, the ratio of real words to functional words was 8: 2; the distribution of the word class was consistent with the increment of the sentences; the forefront of the word class lists was verbs and nouns, and followed by auxiliary words, adverbs, pronouns; the class of other words was the least. 3.In the perspective of high frequency words, when the number of sentences increased, the high frequency words in frequency and word class would also increase.

漢語兒童; 語言樣本分析; 效度

Chinese children; language sample analysis; validity