藝術家可能是罹患躁鬱症的高危險群，但國內對於躁鬱症在社會心理因素及藝術家有關探究仍屬少數，本研究旨在澄清藝術家社會心理性不利因素對躁鬱症的促發與創作生涯的影響風貌。達成以下研究目的：（一）瞭解案例藝術家促發心理症狀的個人內、環境中的不利因素;（二）瞭解案例躁鬱症狀對藝術家躁鬱症者創作生涯的影響。本研究採用質性研究方法，先以現象學為基礎反映案例的主觀經驗，並以精神分析的角度分析其心理特性。以立意抽樣，經畫家同儕推薦，研究對象為一位47歲男性的畫家，他35歲時罹患躁鬱症，但表現以躁症為主。蒐集與分析的資料包括：（一）個案本人的深度訪談，（二）與畫家友人的討論及創作作品的分析評論等。研究結果一、促發心理疾病的社會心理發展脈絡。（一）個人特質的脆弱性，加以發展經驗中早年高壓的教養態度、人際經驗的缺乏等兩者共同形成自卑的自我意象，敬畏他人的人際知覺。（二）先前壓力事件與心理衝擊辭去教職後專職創作兩年，因遭遇創作瓶頸及家庭生計壓力下，誘發早年極度自卑及次等公民的自我意識浮現，促發躁鬱症狀。躁狂的心理症狀反映了他對自我生命及藝術生涯的思索與脫困的企圖。因過度自卑，藉由反向作用及合理化作用等防衛機制，來解除自我、社會角色及文化的束縛促發躁症。二、療育歷程形成生命角色、藝術生涯的轉折在躁期隨著自我的解縛，創作風格多所突破，從具體而抽象，走向對靈性議題的思維及行動藝術的開展；但因未完成療育歷程，持續形成對人際社會的衝突及生計壓力。

Comprehensive foreign literatures show that the artists may be high riskily suffering from bipolar disorders; however, the domestic research for bipolar disorder in psychosocial factors within the artists is still limited. This study aims to clarify the artist’s social psychological disadvantage factors for both the bipolar disorder exertion and the impacts to his creative career. The purposes of this study are two-fold: (1)to understand the personal inner and social outer disadvantage factors exerting the bipolar disorder, (2)to understand the impact of the symptoms of bipolar disorder on the artist's career. In this study, qualitative research methods were used to reflect the subjective experience of the case based on phenomenology, and to analyze the psychological characteristics from the perspective of psychoanalysis. The case is a 47-year-old male painter who was suffering from bipolar disorder at the age of 35, but he was mainly manic-stricken. The information collected and analyzed includes: (1) in-depth interviews with the case himself, (2) discussions with his friends and comments of creative works. The research results are as follows: 1. The psycho-social development context of mental illness is mainly two-fold. (1)The vulnerability of individual traits is accompanied with both the experience of the early years of high-pressure educated attitude and the lack of interpersonal experience. These form a self-image of inferiority and the interpersonal perception of fearing others. (2)The previous stress events and psychological shocks. After resigned from teaching, he has done a full-time creation for two years. Due to both the encountering of creation bottlenecks and family economic pressure, they induced early self-inferiority and secondary citizens. All the self-consciousness exerts bipolar disorder symptoms. Manic psychosocial symptoms reflect his attempts to think about life and artistic career. Due to excessive self-inferiority, the defense mechanisms of reflections and rationalization are used to liberate himself, the social role, and cultural constraints, therefore exerting the mania. 2. The treatment process forms a life role and the turning point of artistic career. After the self-bound is relived in the manic stage, the creative style is breakthrough more than ever. The style is moving from the concrete to abstract, to the spiritual issues of thinking, and to the development of action arts. Since the treatment course is not completed, the manic state continuously formed the interpersonal conflicts and economic pressure.

躁鬱症; 藝術家; 創造力; 社會心理因素

Bipolar disorder; artist; creativity; psychosocial factors