「以家庭為中心」強調支持家庭同時也支持特殊需求幼兒。當家庭在照顧特殊需求幼兒所面臨不同需求都可以被滿足時，家庭將更有能力去做好養育及教育特殊需求幼兒的工作。本研究透過家庭需求問卷，從主要照顧者的觀點出發，了解特殊需求幼兒家庭的需求為何，並透過家庭需求去反思目前早期療育服務的現況。本研究之研究對象為0-6歲特殊需求幼兒之家庭，家庭需求問卷以文獻回顧方式建構，經專家內容效度檢核以及信度分析檢驗達量好的信度。需求問卷包含四個分量表：資訊需求、經濟需求、家庭及社會支持需求及專業支持需求。本研究以線上問卷方式進行資料收集，有效樣本共892份。研究結果顯示以資訊需求最高，家庭及社會支持需求次之。進一步分析發現多數家庭均希望獲得更多幼兒發展狀況、教養方式等資訊，且希望周遭環境是能接納幼兒；有63.6%幼兒在醫院接受早期療育服務，然在這樣健保體系下，雖然提供幼兒復健服務的可近性，但是否滿足或落實了早期療育以家庭為中心的精神。當家庭支持需求開始從幼兒的身上轉到家庭本身的需求時，台灣早期療育服務的模式、策略與方法，是否能隨著這些轉變進行調整，讓服務可以跨領域的整合，更貼近並滿足家庭在養育特殊幼兒的過程的需求。透過家庭的需求被滿足，早期療育的家庭成效才會因此而提升。

Family-centered services for supporting children with special needs emphasize support for their families. When families’ unique needs in caring for their children with special needs are met, the families provide improved care for these children. In this study, a family needs survey, developed from the perspective of the main caregiver, was employed to gain an understanding of the needs of the families of children with special needs and, through this understanding, to evaluate the quality of current early intervention services. The participants of this study were families with children with special needs who were aged between 0 and 6 years. A review of the research methods employed in the literature was used to construct the family needs survey. The validity of the contents was established, and a reliability test ensured the reliability of the survey. The needs survey included four subscales: informational needs, economic needs, familial and social support needs, and professional support needs. The survey was distributed online, and 892 valid samples were collected. The results indicated that the need for information was the highest, followed by the need for family and social support. Further analysis revealed that most families required additional information regarding the development of children with special needs as well as the parenting skills required to raise the child. Moreover, most families expressed hope that their social environment would become more inclusive. In addition, although nearly half of the included children had received early intervention services cover by national health insurance system, however under the service, families in current study were reported not having their familial and social needs met. The researcher proposes that family-centered early intervention be practiced regardless of whether the child has undergone any other early intervention. Early intervention can improve outcomes only when families’ needs are met.

早期療育; 家庭需求; 特殊需求幼兒

Early intervention; Family needs; Children with special needs