政府遷臺初期，國軍仍以大陸來臺之軍士官兵為主體，對於部隊缺員補充， 係臨時撥補並由部隊自行負責新兵訓練。由於臺灣地區及齡役男之壯丁人力充 沛，遠遠超出常備現役補充所需，如能加以徵集訓練，將是國軍重要的人力資 源，但國家貧弱、財源短缺，根本無法籌措龐大的經費進行訓練。另外，對於後 續兵員之召集教育，雖有動員辦法，但並未建立預備部隊制度，以致兵員補充實 感困難。為訓儲新兵及預備兵員，保持部隊青壯與持續戰力，1955年8月，以第 四軍及第二、四、五、六軍官戰鬥團為基幹，在歷經折衝後，得到美援的支持， 編成陸軍預備部隊訓練司令部及9個預備師，另由各師、團管區原屬之各訓練 團、營，改編為9個陸軍新兵訓練團。因此，無論是動員機制、補充兵的徵集訓 練以及預備師的成立等等，對於反攻大陸或保衛臺灣而言，都是最佳的生力軍。

In the early years following the ROC’s relocation to Taiwan, its armed forces consisted mainly of officers and soldiers retreated from the Mainland. A shortage of military personnel was first solved by temporary replenishments and recruit training conducted by individual troops. At the time, there were in the Taiwan area a great many men of conscription age, whose number exceeded that of the needed reserves for the active forces. These men could become an invaluable source for manpower if enlisted and trained. Yet much of the budget for training was unavailable in a weak, impoverished government lacking financial resources. The ROC also lacked the mobilization mechanism that could establish a reserve system and carry out follow-up education of new recruits. Making up a standing force thus proved to be an uphill task. To turn new recruits and reserve soldiers into sustainable troops, the 4th Army, along with the 2nd, 4th, 5th and 6th Officer Combat Groups, encountered numerous challenges. Finally, supported by aids from the United States, these units were combined into the Army Reserve Forces Training Command and nine preparatory divisions in August 1955. The existing training groups and battalions under various division and battalion commands were then reorganized into nine additional army recruit training groups. These crucial developments – implementing a mobilization mechanism, recruitment and training of reserve soldiers, and the establishment of preparatory divisions – strengthened the ROC’s military for a possible counterattack against the Mainland and for the defense of Taiwan.

白團; 復興省; 動員; 補充兵; 預備師

“Baituan” (Japanese military advisers); Renaissance Province; Mobilization; Reserve soldier; Preparatory Division