許多研究顯示家庭社經地位與幼兒的發展有所關連，而母親教養效能則似乎會調節這些關聯， 故，本研究的目的在於了解家庭社經地位與母親之教養效能（母職效能及教養因素）、幼兒適應 行為與詞彙理解之概況及變項間的關係。研究對象是就讀於台北市及台東縣幼兒園的 3-5 歲幼兒 們，研究以分層隨機抽樣方式蒐集資料，共計有效樣本為 511 份之幼兒及其母親和老師的資料。 母親填寫家庭背景、母職效能量表及母親教養因素量表；幼兒母親及老師填寫幼兒適應行為量 表，並由助理對各別幼兒進行畢保德圖畫詞彙測驗以評估幼兒詞彙理解能力。統計方法為：描述 性統計、皮爾森積差相關及迴歸取向之路徑分析。研究結果為：家庭社經地位較高、母親有工作 者、家中孩童數較少、母職效能較佳、教養多以反應層面者，其幼兒之適應行為（母評）及詞彙 理解能力較佳。在控制了本模型的所有變項後，家庭社經地位對幼兒之詞彙理解能力有直接的正 向影響，且教養之反應及要求之共同層面下對幼兒詞彙理解能力亦有正向影響。另外，家庭社經 地位對幼兒適應行為問題並沒有直接影響，但是，卻是透過母職效能之中介而對幼兒適應行為問 題有負向影響，而教養－要求層面者，則與幼兒適應行為問題有正向影響（母評）。總結來說， 家庭社經地位對於母職效能、教養因素、幼兒適應行為及詞彙理解能力透過不同的過程均有影 響。本研究之結果可作為其他研究母親教養效能、教養因素、幼兒適應行為及詞彙理解能力之參 考。

Results showed that mothers from families with higher SES were more likely to be employed, raise fewer children, exhibit higher maternal parenting efficacy, and follow responsive parenting style. Moreover, their children presented better adjustment (mothers’ report) and receptive vocabulary ability. After all variables of this model were controlled for, family SES was found to have a direct positive impact on children’s receptive vocabulary ability, and the integrated responsive and demanding parenting style had a positive influence on children’s language ability. Furthermore, SES exhibited no significant relationship with children’s maladjustment. However, through the mediation of parenting efficacy, SES had a negative impact on children’s maladjustment. In addition, demanding parenting practices had a positive impact on children’s maladjustment (mothers’ report). In summary, SES was found to be intricately associated with maternal parenting efficacy, preschoolers’ adjustment, and receptive vocabulary ability in different processes. The current study’s results can provide a reference for future studies on maternal parenting efficacy, parenting factors, preschoolers’ adjustment, and receptive vocabulary ability.

母職效能、幼兒適應行為、社經地位、教養因素、詞彙理解能力

maternal self-efficacy; preschooler’s adjustment; socioeconomic status; parenting factors; receptive vocabulary