主動人格的研究中，論及所處環境對於主動人格者所帶來的影響的實徵成果並不多。本研究透過整合特質活化理論、社會資訊處理理論以及強／弱情境假說，以多層次研究檢驗凝聚力（團隊層次變數）在主動人格者與建言行為及助人行為關係的調節角色。研究透過兩個子研究進行，研究一以「時間區隔法」針對一般企業18 個工作團隊的187 位員工進行調查；研究二以「主管－員工」配對問卷，針對來自29 所學校的48 個處室團隊的319 位員工進行調查。透過階層線性模型分析(Hierarchical Linear Modeling; HLM)，兩個研究結果均發現，相較於高任務凝聚力的情境，任務型凝聚力越低時，主動人格者將有越多建言行為；相較於高人際凝聚力的情境，人際型凝聚力越低時，主動人格者越有助人行為表現。

This study utilized trait activation theory (TAT), social information processing theory, and the strong/weak situation hypothesis to examine the group-level effects of cohesiveness on relationships between proactive personality and voice/helping behavior. Two studies were conducted to test the research hypotheses. Study 1 used a multi-temporal point survey. Samples were drawn from questionnaires completed by 187 employees from 18 working groups. Study 2 used dyadic questionnaires, which were completed by 319 administrative school staff members and 48 of their supervisors from 29 high schools. Results of hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) showed a moderating effect of group-level cohesiveness in both studies. Specifically, results indicated that a higher degree of task/interpersonal cohesiveness was positively associated with weaker relationships between proactive personality and voice/helping behavior. Based on the research findings, implications and suggestions for theories and practical implementations are discussed.

主動人格; 任務型凝聚力; 人際型凝聚力; 建言行為; 助人行為

proactive personality; task cohesiveness; interpersonal cohesiveness; voice behavior; helping behavior