教廷與中國大陸2018 年簽署關於主教任命的臨時協議，此後2020、2022、2024 年三次續約延長。但是，該協議屬於實驗性質，中梵雙方都不公開協議文本，使得外界無法精確分析這項臨時協定對中梵關係、中國大陸天主教會的實質影響。當前文獻聚焦中梵間的教務爭端、臨時協議施行情形、比較越南模式和中國模式異同、透過雙方官員發言內容推測文本可能涉及的內涵等方法進行分析。然而，這些研究方法雖然補充中梵研究的依據，但是這些觀點僅聚焦在中國與梵蒂岡的雙邊關係，忽略教廷以世界各國為度的全球外交行動。因此，本研究為擴大理解中梵協議的範疇，透過檢視教會法及政教協定，說明教廷外交政策的後設規範。其次，本文透過社會科學的比較方法，分析當代簽署的政教協定中涉及主教及教會職務任命的做法，以作為比較中梵臨時協議的參照及模擬中梵臨時協議條文的依據。此外，本文也透過對政教協定的瞭解，解讀中梵協議對中華民國與臺灣天主教會的啟示，以及教宗良十四世時期中梵協議的前景。

The Holy See and the People’s Republic of China signed the provisional agreement in 2018, which has since been renewed three times in 2020, 2022, and 2024. However, the agreement is experimental in nature, and neither the Vatican nor China has disclosed the text, making it impossible for outsiders to accurately analyze the substantive impact of it on Sino-Vatican relations and the Catholic Church in China. Existing literature focuses on methods such as Church-State disputes, the implementation outcome of the agreement, comparison between the “Vietnam Model” and the “China Model,” and speculation based on the statements of officials from both sides. These perspectives only focus on the bilateral relations between China and the Vatican, ignoring the Holy See’s global diplomatic strategy relative to countries around the world. Therefore, to broaden the scope of understanding the Provisional Agreement, this study first examines Canon Law and Concordats to explain the meta-norm of the Holy See’s foreign policy. Secondly, by using the comparative method, the study analyzes the practices of the appointment of bishops in contemporary Concordats as a basis for simulating the Sino-Vatican’s provision. Furthermore, the paper also interprets the implications of the Provisional Agreement for the Republic of China (Taiwan) and the Catholic Church in Taiwan, as well as the prospects for the Agreement during the time of Pope Leo XIV, through an understanding of Concordats.

中梵關係、主教任命、政教協定、教廷外交、梵蒂岡

Sino-Vatican Relations, Appointment of Bishops, Concordat, Holy See Diplomacy, Vatican