研究抗戰者大多對日軍的「特務機關」略有所聞。軍特務機關是日軍施行占領地統治的重要機構之一。鑒於史料匱乏，學界對其組織運作的實際情況仍所知有限。本文利用數份海州陸軍特務機關的《陣中日誌》，剖析特務機關的內部運作機制以及它干預地方社會的方式。 過去以來，軍特務機關作為情報機構的角色遭受低估。特務機關人員的日常事務中，以地方資訊之收集、整理及傳送為其最主要部份。機關成員透過密集參與各種會議、協商、懇談，或提交調查報告或口頭報告，以協調各軍政經機關的行動，持續「更新」上級機構對駐區的認識，並向轄區內的地方盟友發送指令。日誌實際呈現出特務機關成員，以日為單位維持及加強跨地區的權力及情報網絡。同時，特務機關規模有限，與其所負責的龐雜業務並不相對稱，組織運作長期處於過載狀態，因此不得不將部分任務委由在地代理人執行，而協力政府僅是這些代理人中的一部分。日軍在海州地區運用幫派、武裝地主協助其治理地方，自有其必要性，但此舉無疑亦使地方權力進一步碎片化。「委託─代理」關係的重層化，加大了日軍監察地方政務的難度，無形有利於抗日陣營的滲透與顛覆活動。

The term “special service agency” of the Japanese army is familiar to most scholars of the war. This agency was one of the most important organizations through which the Japanese army governed occupied territories. Yet, because of the scarcity of surviving historical materials, their actual operations remain only partially understood. This article draw on several extant copies of the War Diaries (陣中日誌) of the Haizhou Army Special Service Agency (海州陸軍特務機關) to analyze the agency’s internal mechanisms and its modes of intervention in local society. This article argues that the role of the special service agency as an intelligence organ has been underestimated. The collection, organization, and transmission of local information constituted the core of its daily work. Through intensive participation in meetings, consultations, negotiations, as well as through the submission of investigative and oral briefings, agency personnel coordinated the actions of the military, political, and economic authorities, continually updated their superiors’ understanding of the region, and issued instructions to local allies. At the same time, the agency’s limited size was wholly disproportionate to the breadth of its responsibilities. Operating in a perpetually overloaded state, it was compelled to delegate some of its tasks to local agents, of whom collaborationist officials were only one category. In the Haizhou region, the Japanese military’s reliance on gangs and armed landlords to assist in local governance arose from necessity, but it also further fragmented local power. The resulting layers of “principal-agent” relationships made local administration increasingly difficult for the Japanese military to supervise and, unintentionally, facilitated the infiltration and subversive activities of anti-Japanese forces.

陸軍特務機關；海州地區；蘇北日占區；蘇北淪陷區；陣中日誌

Special service agency; occupied China; Occupied Northern Jiangsu; War Diary; Haizhou