本文從青年政治技術史的角度，探討國民革命期間小組習氣的現象與淵源。小組政治技術並非僅自蘇聯引進，早在以俄為師之前，中國青年就從英美管道接觸到小組實踐；朱光潛則在試驗美國道爾頓制(Dalton Plan)教學法時，寄託了以小組共同生活形塑個人自由研究的理想。不少留蘇中國青年則直接將道爾頓制自主學習的想像，加諸於莫斯科中山大學等幹部學校之上，倒逼中共旅莫支部與校方配合改進。在國共合作下的上海大學小組，即使經過民主集中制的訓練，學生仍帶有自由研究的濃厚小組習氣。小組政治技術，與其說為列寧主義所獨創，不如說是世界性青年政治結構下，引進歐式教育理念的自然結果。

This article examines the phenomenon and origins of small-group habitus during the National Revolution from the perspective of the history of youth political technology. It argues that group-based political techniques were not introduced solely from the Soviet Union. Even before China turned to Russia as a model, Chinese youth had already encountered group practices through channels from Britain and the United States. While experimenting with the Dalton Plan teaching method, Zhu Guangqian envisioned an ideal in which individual freedom could be cultivated through collective group life. Many Chinese youth who studied in the Soviet Union directly applied the Dalton Plan’s vision of autonomous learning to cadre schools such as Sun Yat-sen University in Moscow, thereby forcing the CCP Branch in Moscow and Soviet schools to adapt and improve. Even after receiving training in democratic centralism, students at Shanghai University under GMD-CCP cooperation retained a strong small-group habitus centered on free inquiry. Group political techniques, then, were not so much products of Leninism as the natural outcome of introducing European educational ideals within the global framework of youth political structures.

國民革命；民主集中制；列寧主義政黨；小組習氣；道爾頓制；中共旅莫支部；青年政治；政治技術；上海大學；中共黨史

National Revolution; Democratic Centralism; Leninist Party; small group habitus; Dalton Plan; the Branch of the CCP in Moscow; political technology; Youth Politics; Shanghai University; history of the Chinese Communist Party