本論文考察對象為柴田勝二選為「國民作家」的在世村上春樹的作品與被村上春樹選為「國民作家」的已故芥川龍之介的作品作比較。芥川龍之介《橘子》和村上春樹的《葡萄》，都是素描日常生活的一幕的作品，從中考察兩位作家看待周遭環境和外在世界的方式，藉此營造出文學創作之異同，總結出如下的結論。 芥川龍之介的《橘子》和村上春樹的《葡萄》都屬於“講事件的文本”，這是現代小說的模式之一。這部作品的文本結構透過根據故事進行描述和說明，具有清晰可辨的情節橋段。了解故事和情節橋段之後，我可以看到芥川龍之介和村上春樹看待周圍環境和外部世界的方式是有不同，並以此努力耕耘不同的文學創作。 一言以蔽之，芥川龍之介是注意觀察外在世界的外向型，而村上春樹是往自己內在世界探索的内向型。就芥川而言，傾向於目睹了他者・人類行為受到啟發，且將所受到的啟發來改變的自己的內心世界，又努力將此轉化成文學創作來呈現給世人共享。一方面，村上春樹與其說是目睹了他者・人類行為受到啟發，不如說是即使在封閉的空間一人享受閱讀或透過葡萄的污漬觸發一段記憶深刻的回憶，並將之創作成為文學饗宴。如此地芥川是需要他者的外力介入，以此轉換思緒。而村上春樹不須他者的外力介入，就能自發性將泉湧的思緒化作文字音符。雖沒必要評論兩位作家的文學創作之優劣，但由於同樣擁有「國家作家」封號的芥川龍之介和村上春樹的觀察志向不同，展開的文學活動和文學創作，理當也不相同。可以說，芥川龍之介和村上春樹在各自生存的時代中，精力旺盛地發展自己獨特的文學創作，將向後人證明，他們是無愧於「國家作家」美譽，留下值得誇耀的日本文學資產。

This paper begins with a comparison of the works of Murakami Haruki, a living author selected by Shibata Katsuji as a "national author," with the works of Akutagawa Ryunosuke, who Murakami Haruki selected as a "national author," and then examines the way in which both authors view the surrounding and outside world and their literary activities, taking up two works that similarly sketch scenes from life, Akutagawa Ryunosuke's "Mikan" and Murakami Haruki's "Budou." The results of the study can be summarized as follows. Both Akutagawa Ryunosuke's "Mikan" and Murakami Haruki's "Budou" belong to the "incident-telling writing" pattern of modern novels. They are works with a writing structure that uses description and explanation according to the story to clarify the plot. When one understands the story and plot, one can see the differences between Akutagawa Ryunosuke and Murakami Haruki in the way they view their surroundings and the outside world, and in their literary endeavors. In a word, Akutagawa Ryunosuke is an extrovert, while Murakami Haruki is an introvert. In the case of Akutagawa, he was inspired by the actions of others, witnessed those actions, and was impressed by them, which caused a change in his inner state of mind. He tended to apply this process to literary endeavors and produce works of art. On the other hand, in the case of Murakami Haruki, rather than being concerned with the actions of other people or human beings, he was inspired by the grape stains and reduced the process of evoking memories that had touched his heart by reading his favorite books alone in a confined space, to literary activity, which gave rise to his creative work. In this way, while Akutagawa is an extrovert who requires the intervention of others and is even capable of emotional transference, Murakami Haruki is an introvert who spontaneously finds things to do on his own and follows the instincts that arise from them, rather than relying on the intervention of others. It can be said that the unique literary creations of Akutagawa Ryunosuke and Murakami Haruki, which flourished in their respective eras, will present to future generations as an asset of Japanese literature worthy of their renown as national authors.

芥川龍之介; 村上春樹; 文學創作; 外向型; 内向型

Akutagawa Ryunosuke; Murakami Haruki; Literary endeavors; Extroversion; Introverted