北大秦簡《教女》記錄戰國秦人對婦女的規諫文辭，簡文從正、反立論，講述「善女子」與「不善女子」的具體行為，對理解秦漢「女誡」的形成脈絡，多有助益，然部分詞語之訓釋，學界至今仍莫衷一是。本文討論「善女子之方」章的十組詞語，如「殷晦（畝）之壄（野）」、「西東䍃（謠）若」、「疾作就愛，如阰（陛）在堂」、「㾏（崖）石在山，尚臨中堂」、「茀（忽）然更志，如發幾（機）粱」等，梳理文意，呈現「善女子」應有的行為，並凸顯秦漢社會對女子的積極管教與規範意義。 　　《教女》認為女子是家庭之附庸，其意志只能屈從於公婆、丈夫之下，故所作所為皆要考慮到家庭需求，不斷勞作換取他者憐愛，提高自身地位。釐清文意，更可知簡文預設的女子應為基層官僚之親屬，故多次重申家庭規範，亦強調了封建官僚的表率意義。

　　The Jiao Nu of the Bei Da Qin bamboo slips records admonitory texts from the Warring States period directed towards women. The text presents arguments from both affirmative and negative perspectives, delineating specific behaviors of “Virtuous Women” and “Non-Virtuous women”, contributing significantly to the contextual understanding of the “admonitions for women” during the Qin and Han periods, Despite some ambiguity in the interpretation of certain terms. This article focuses on the interpretation of ten expressions from the “Virtuous Women” category, such as “Yin Mu Zhi Ye”, “Xi Dong Yao Yuo”, “Ji Zuo Jiu Ai, Ru Bi Zai Tang”, “Yai Shi Zai Shan, Shang Lin Zhong Tang”, “Bo Ran Geng Zhi, Ru Fa Ji Liang” etc. It examines the meaning of “Virtuous Women”, shedding light on the proactive guidance and normative significance directed towards women. 　　According to Jiao Nu, women are considered subordinate to the family, and their will should submit to the authority of parents-in-law and husbands. Actions should be guided by consideration for the family's needs, and women are expected to continuously labor to earn the affection of others and elevate their own status. Clarifying the text reveals the presumed status of women as relatives of grassroots bureaucrats. The article not only reiterates family norms but also emphasizes the exemplary role expected of feudal bureaucrats.

出土文獻;北大秦簡;《教女》;詞語訓釋;女誡

Excavated Documents; Bei Da Qin bamboo slips; Jiao Nu;Interpretation of Terms; Admonitions for Women