本文在學者考釋清華簡《兩中》「■」字為｛沈｝的基礎上，將《攝命》簡16「朋于酒」釋讀為「朋沈于酒」，「沈酒」、「沈于酒」古書常見。「朋沈于酒」的文例還可以比對〈皋陶謨〉「朋淫于家」，「沈」與「淫」意思相近，是指沈湎於某一事物之中不能自制、自拔，「淫」不當如偽孔傳、《蔡傳》釋為「淫亂」。其次，《尚書》三見「酗」字，見於《史記》等異文材料則作「沈」或「湎」，加上目前所見先秦兩漢古文字材料未見確切無疑的｛酗｝，本文認為「酗」字源頭當是「■」，即｛沈｝。後人根據「酗」字的「凶」旁賦予新的解釋與讀音。《說文》作「䣱」則是聲符「凶」替換為「句」的結果。

　　Based on scholars’ interpretation of the character “ ■” in the Tsinghua Bamboo Slips Liang Zhong as {沈}, this article interprets “朋于酒” in Bamboo Slip 16 of She Ming as “朋沈于酒”. “沈酒” and “沈于酒” are common in ancient books. The example of “朋沈于酒” can also be compared with “朋淫于家” in the “Gaotao Mo”. “沈” and “淫” have similar meanings, referring to being so engrossed in something that one cannot control or extricate oneself. “淫” should not be interpreted as “licentiousness” as in the pseudo-Kong Chuan and the Cai Chuan. Secondly, the character “酗” appears three times in the Shangshu (Book of Documents), but is written as “沈” or “湎” in variant texts such as the Shiji (Records of the Grand Historian). Furthermore, given the lack of definitively established form of {酗} in existing pre-Qin and Han dynasty ancient texts, this paper argues that the origin of “酗” is “■ ”, i.e., {沉}. Later scholars assigned new interpretations and pronunciations based on the “凶” radical in “酗”. The Shuowen Jiezi (Explaining Simple and Complex Characters) uses “䣱”, which is the result of replacing the phonetic component “凶” with “句”.

清華簡;《兩中》;《攝命》;《尚書》;文字考釋

Tsinghua Bamboo Slips; Liang Zhong; She Ming; Shangshu; Interpretation of the ancient characters