本研究旨在探討遠距心跳變異生理回饋（heart rate variability biofeedback, HRVB）是否能有效降低 大學生的焦慮程度。透過智慧型手機搭配心率傳感帶，參與者能在家中進行生理回饋訓練，以增 強自律神經功能並減輕主觀焦慮感受。研究對象為 30 名年齡介於 18 至 22 歲的大學生，隨機分派 為實驗組與控制組，每組各 15 人。實驗組參與者使用心率傳感帶及訓練軟體，進行為期六週、每 週三次、每次 20 分鐘的 HRVB 訓練；控制組則在此期間未接受任何介入。研究採用情境與特質 焦慮量表（State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, STAI）與貝克焦慮量表（Beck Anxiety Inventory, BAI）測 量焦慮程度，並收集心跳變異性（heart rate variability, HRV）的生理數據進行分析。研究結果顯示， 實驗組在 HRV 的心跳間期標準偏差（standard deviation of the normal to normal intervals, SDNN）上 有顯著提升，表明其自律神經功能改善；而主觀焦慮評分有降低，但未達統計顯著。本研究驗證 了將呼吸頻率穩定在每分鐘 6 次，相等吸氣呼氣比率的遠距 HRVB，能有效提升大學生心率變異 性的實證，尤其是在心跳間期標準差指標上顯著提升，顯示其對自主神經功能的改善效果。研究 結果為未來遠距醫療應用於焦慮介入提供了實證依據。

In daily life, cognitive neural resources are responsible for regulating physiological and emotional changes. However, anxiety not only triggers negative thinking but also overconsumes these resources, which weakens an individual’s learning ability, emotional stability, and can even progress into severe mental illnesses. According to the Ministry of Health and Welfare’s 2022 statistics, about 4% of individuals in early adulthood (ages 20–24) sought medical attention for anxiety and related symptoms, while the prevalence of anxiety symptoms among university students is as high as 24.5%, meaning one in four students is in an anxious state. Anxiety symptoms have become an increasingly serious challenge among university students. They are not only a psychological health issue that requires diagnosis and treatment, but they also deeply affect students overall well-being. These effects include threatening mental health, harming physical health, lowering academic performance, weakening interpersonal skills, and reducing quality of life. They can even cause pressure and pain for families. More severely, anxiety symptoms are significantly correlated with suicidal ideation and behavior. All types of anxiety symptoms increase the risk of suicide, emphasizing the importance of early intervention. Heart rate variability (HRV) is a physiological indicator that measures the variation in the time intervals between heartbeats and is widely regarded as a core indicator of an individual's emotional regulation ability and adaptability to environmental changes. Anxiety disorders, including panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, specific phobias, and social anxiety disorder, are all associated with lower HRV. Heart rate variability biofeedback (HRVB), which synchronizes heart rate and breathing (heart rate rises during inhalation and falls during exhalation), can improve communication between the heart and the brain, enabling individuals to respond more flexibly and adaptively to situational demands. Breathing training combined with physiological feedback has been shown to effectively alleviate anxiety. The main strategy of using physiological feedback to reduce emotional arousal is to provide participants with realtime physiological indicators and teach them emotional regulation strategies. Through immediate physiological feedback, participants can learn how to control their bodies. Therefore, physiological feedback tools must provide biological feedback to participants in real time. Although the potential of HRVB in anxiety management has been recognized, traditional methods are limited by high equipment costs and training methods restricted to medical settings, which reduce its accessibility and application efficiency. However, with technological advancements, HRVB training programs integrated with smartphones offer a solution. These programs allow individuals to train easily in daily life, significantly reduce equipment costs, and enhance

生理回饋、腹式呼吸、焦慮、心跳變異率、遠距醫療

biofeedback, diaphragmatic breathing, anxiety, heart rate variability, telehealth