先前之研究結果顯著揭示，個體所獲取的支持量對其認知共情能力具有影響作用，然而，截至目 前，此關係背後的運作機制尚屬未知。為深入探討其內在的影響機制與作用路徑，本研究聚焦於 探析 2023 名通過自我報告問卷的大學生群體，在家庭支持、核心自我評價、認知共情能力，以及 問題性手機使用問題程度之間的調節與中介效應。研究結果明確指出，家庭支持與認知共情之間 存在正向關聯。進一步的中介分析則彰顯，核心自我評價在這一關係中扮演了關鍵的中介角色， 其影響力尤為顯著。此外，核心自我評價對認知共情的效應還受到問題性手機使用的調節，這一 發現尤為引人矚目。值得注意的是，此調節機制並非單純線性，而是依據核心自我評價的不同水 準而有所變化。具體而言，當大學生的核心自我評價處於較高水準時，問題性手機使用的增加反 而導致認知共情能力的減弱；反之，若核心自我評價偏低，則問題性手機使用的提升或許能在某 種程度上提升認知共情。此項研究不僅增進了我們對家庭支持與問題性手機使用如何及何時影響 大學生認知共情能力的理解，亦為未來心理學領域的相關研究提供了寶貴的理論與實證基礎。

Executive functions (EFs) refer to the abilities that enable individuals to regulate cognition and behavior to achieve goals and typically include three core components: inhibition, switching, and updating. The purpose of this study is to develop a Simon Switching Task to simultaneously assess two of these core abilities of EFs, thereby increasing the applicability of EF assessments. With the growing popularity of digital learning, tablet-based assessments have gained attention due to their portability and ease of use. Standardized tablet-based tests for fluency and updating abilities are also gradually being developed in Taiwan. Therefore, this study aims to develop a tablet-based version of the Simon Switching Task and examine its reliability and validity. The Simon Task is a widely used psychological test. It is designed to assess inhibitory function by measuring the effects of spatial congruency and incongruency between stimulus and response locations. When stimulus and response locations are congruent, reaction times are faster; when they are incongruent, reaction times are slower. This phenomenon, known as the Simon effect, reflects the ability to inhibit spatial interference. Although the Simon effect is indicative of an individual’s inhibitory ability, different studies offer different definitions of inhibition. At its core, inhibitory ability involves the suppression of automatic responses in order to maintain goal-directed behavior. The Stroop task assesses whether individuals can suppress automatic responses to the meaning of words when the meaning and color of the words are incongruent. The Simon task assesses whether individuals can inhibit the interference of spatial information when stimulus and response locations are incongruent. Both tasks involve prepotent response inhibition (the suppression of automatic responses). However, the Flanker task is a different process. It primarily assesses the ability to inhibit interference from distracting stimuli adjacent to the target, which is classified as resistance to distractor interference (the suppression of external distractions). Conversely, the integration of rule-switching into the Simon Task gives rise to the Simon Switching Task, which can assess an individual’s capacity for rule-switching in the face of changes. The Simon Switching Task reveals a close relationship between the shifting process (cognitive flexibility) and processing speed. In this context, processing speed is defined as the time required by an individual to complete cognitive tasks, encompassing both simple reaction time and choice reaction time.

家庭支持、核心自我評價、問題性手機使用、認知共情

Simon effect, inhibition, switching, executive function, tablet computer