本文以戰國楚簡的「城」字異體現象為主題，並連帶分析其相關字形「成」、「𩫨」的形體變化。「城」字在楚簡中頗為常見，前人研究已指出楚系文字的「城」發生聲化現象，字形內產生「𡈼」聲，卻並未對楚簡的「城」字字形做出較完整的異體分類，也並未解釋「𡈼」聲係如何變化而來。本文則彙整了楚簡所見的「城」、「成」、「𩫨」等字字形，將「城」字區分為五大類異體，同時指出，「城」的既有聲符「成」在楚簡中已發生激烈的形體變化。隨著意符「土」的加入，「土」與「成」產生了共用筆畫的現象，導致「土」旁與「成」聲「戊」內的筆畫合併，字形內已無法直觀地辨識出意符「土」和聲符「成」。由於聲符「成」已經發生形變，楚簡文字遂將「城」字內的筆畫稍作變易，形成具有聲符功能的「𡈼」。「城」字這種聲化產生「𡈼」的現象當在一定程度上受到「聖」、「巠」等字的平行現象影響，同時也擴散至其他字形中，使得「𩫨」字內出現「𡈼」聲，「成」字字形也逐漸與「城」字趨同。

This paper focuses on the variant forms of the character “Cheng”(城) in Chu bamboo slips from the Warring States Period, and also analyzes related glyphs such as 成 and 𩫨 in terms of their morphological transformations. Previous studies have pointed out that the phonetic component “Ting”(𡈼) is incorporated into the Chu variant of 城, indicating a process of component phoneticization. However, no comprehensive classification of the variant forms of 城 has been provided, nor has the origin of the component 𡈼 been adequately explained. To address these issues, this paper categorizes the character 城 into five major variant types. It also highlights how the original phonetic component 成 underwent significant morphological changes. With the addition of the semantic component 土, a stroke-sharing phenomenon occurred between 土 and 成, making it difficult to distinguish these two components within the character 城. As the original phonetic component 成 continued to deform, Chu scribes modified the strokes of 城 to create the new phonetic component 𡈼. This process of component phoneticization, which produced 𡈼, was likely influenced by similar phenomena in characters such as “Sheng”(聖) and “Jing”(巠), and it subsequently spread to other glyphs, causing the character 𩫨 to adopt the phonetic component 𡈼, further blurring the distinction between the forms of 成 and 城.

形變;類化;聲化;筆畫共用;異體字

Deformation; Categorization; Component Phoneticization; Stroke Sharing;Variant Characters