本文從海空戰角度討論華南戰場在抗日戰爭(1937–1945)和太平洋戰爭(1941–1945)中的戰略角色，分析各方在華南的地面和海空行動的籌劃、執行，及成敗等，並闡述各方摸索陸海空協同作戰的戰略潛能與限制之過程。自抗日戰爭爆發以來，華南不但是地面戰場，亦是連接亞太其他地區的海空戰場，其重要性不能只從地面戰局觀之，而且海空戰局的開展亦與地面戰場息息相關。即使華南不常有大規模地面戰鬥，但中國和盟國在華南的抵抗和海空部署對擊敗日本均有重要意義。在戰爭期間，交戰各方均曾嘗試於華南以及鄰近海域部署使用各種海空兵力，以求達成更大的戰略目標。由於戰略規劃、同盟合作、軍種協調、兵力投入、作戰部署，以至科技和戰術等原因，各國在華南和周邊海域的海空和地面戰略有不同程度的成功。最終，由於盟軍有更為明確的海空戰略，而且其海、空、陸作戰以及情報工作均能有所結合，加上擁有更充足的資源以及技術、戰術等優勢，因此即使戰爭初期失去緬甸、盟友間爭執不斷，以及實踐戰略時曾出現失誤，亦無礙其逐漸將日軍海空力量從華南及鄰近水域驅逐。

This article discusses the strategic role of South China in the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945) and the Pacific War (1941–1945) through the lens of naval and air warfare. It examines the planning, execution, and consequences of operations in the region. Since the outset of the Second Sino-Japanese War, South China served not only as a ground battlefield but also as a critical naval and air theatre linking the wider Asia-Pacific. Its importance cannot be grasped by focusing solely on ground operations, as naval and air operations were deeply interwoven with developments on land. Although South China saw few large-scale ground engagements, Chinese resistance and naval-air deployments by China and its allies in the region played a significant role in defeating Japan. Throughout the conflict, all sides attempted to deploy naval and air forces in South China and its adjacent waters to pursue broader strategic objectives. Outcomes varied, shaped by factors such as strategic planning, alliance cooperation, inter-service coordination, force allocation, operational deployment, technological capacity, and tactics. Ultimately, the Allies’ more coherent naval and air strategy—integrating sea, air, and land operations with intelligence work, and reinforced by superior resources, technology, and tactical advantages—enabled them to gradually drive Japanese forces from South China and its surrounding waters. This success occurred despite early setbacks, including the loss of Burma, persistent disputes among allies, and strategic missteps during implementation.

抗日戰爭; 海空戰; 華南; 南中國海

Second Sino-Japanese War; air-sea war; South China; South China Sea