做為一種空間樣態，宋人如何認識山？本文將文字、真實的山體本身，乃至假山，都視為閱讀的文本。先透過類書梳理宋人如何認知「山」，次以地景聞名的九華山為主要之例，指出反覆的書寫除了帶來知識，塑造形象，也能為讀者建立視覺性的印象。而假山，不僅其「奇」可觀賞，亦可經由觀想而成為神遊的依憑，甚而連結至處世的能力與境界。這些途徑讓我們得知文本的多樣性，見證了閱讀實為一種立體的活動，宋人從知識，乃至感官體會等各層面的山之認識正由此形成。

How did the Song people understand mountains as a space? This article seeks to answer this question by examining textual records, mountains themselves, and rockeries, treating all three as “texts” to be read. The article begins by surveying encyclopedic entries to analyze how the Song people understood mountains. It then turns to Jiuhua Mountain as a case study. Renowned for its scenic beauty, Jiuhua Mountain was repeatedly documented by literati, whose writings conveyed not only knowledge but also vivid visual impressions through literary imagery. The article then considers rockeries, which functioned both as spectacles for enjoyment and foundations for contemplation. Rockeries were tied to ideals of self-cultivation and offered models for conduct in society and within broader philosophical frameworks. By tracing these diverse “texts,” the article shows that reading mountains was a multidimensional activity through which Song people’s intellectual and sensory understandings of mountains took shape.

山; 九華山; 假山; 類書; 空間認識; 閱讀史

mountains; the Jiuhua Mountain; rockeries; spatial awareness; encyclopedias; the history of reading