自 2013 年以降，中共為因應國內外變局，強化其對國家安全之 重視與掌控，此趨勢尤其在 2017 年十九大之後更趨明顯。本文探討 此強調國家安全的趨勢，如何表現在中共透過全國人民代表大會（全 國人大）立法工作進行立法「安全化」的現象上。透過蒐整並分析全 國人大的立法相關資料，本文發現，全國人大常委會通過的法律涵蓋 越來越多國家安全相關法律，立法過程越來越集中獨斷，朝向由少數 菁英掌握的委員長會議主導立法；再者，比較習時期與前任領導人之 全國人大通過的法案，可以觀察到習時期全國人大對國家安全之重視 大幅提升，此體現在通過法律中納入「國家安全」與「安全」詞彙者 大幅增加，就法規條文逐條檢視，亦可發現條文中提到「國家安全」 與「安全」次數也不成比例地提升；此外，就立法類型觀之，習時期 不僅重視政治管理的法規，同時也將「安全化」外溢到非國安領域的 立法。這樣的趨勢可從法條中「國家安全」的文字共現網絡的發散程 度窺知一二，此亦隱含著中國全國人大立法工作逐漸朝向「依法護 黨」的角色轉變。換言之，全國人大作為攏絡菁英及推進民主化的功 能必將大幅減小。究其理論意涵，全國人大安全化立法的案例，顯示 了威權國家將議題「安全化」的過程中，政治制度在確保威權韌性及 鞏固統治的作用將大幅弱化，反而會導致政權更加不安全。

Since 2013, particularly following the 19th Party Congress in 2017, the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) has increasingly emphasized national security in the political realm as a response to rising internal and external challenges, which constitutes a trend toward securitization. This article analyzes how this securitization trend is reflected in the legislative work of the National People’s Congress (NPC) and how it has shaped the law-making process and outcomes. Empirical evidence reveals a notable increase in the passage of national security-related laws, accompanied by a more arbitrary legislative process dominated by the Chairperson’s Council of the NPC Standing Committee. Under Xi Jinping’s leadership, the frequency of references to security and national security in enacted laws has risen sharply compared to previous administrations. Furthermore, the emphasis on national security has extended into non-security domains, consistent with Xi’s broad definition of national security. However, despite the Party’s efforts to tighten control across various sectors through legislative securitization, the regime may face challenges to its legitimacy. A decline in the NPC’s role in interest articulation could exacerbate the regime’s insecurities, undermining the CCP’s authoritarian resilience.

中共;全國人大;安全化;立法工作;威權韌性

CCP; NPC; Securitization; Legislative work; Authoritarian resilience