近年來因清代檔案陸續開放，若干議題呈現出多元性的面貌，高樸私售玉石案件即為典型例子。本文利用這些新檔案，探討乾隆朝新疆和內地的商貿活動。首先，清朝征服新疆後，商人亦步亦趨地開展新疆和內地的貿易，連個夥計、匠役皆可累積萬貫家產。從商人口供看出他們如何集資、計算利潤，以及拓展商貿路線的過程等。其次，〈內務府廣儲司月摺檔〉記載新疆每年進貢朝廷玉石只有數千斤，而高樸案所查抄的玉石居然多達十萬餘觔，乾隆發現商人經營玉石竟然如此活絡，遂全面禁止商人從事玉石買賣，由內務府壟斷玉石市場，造成玉器價格大漲。再者，新疆和江南地區的絲綢貿易相當發達，這項貿易主要由內務府織造局負責，而商人亦以江南絲綢、磁器等換取新疆的玉石，此與內務府的銷售項目相同，造成兩者相互間競爭。乾隆皇帝以高樸案懲處商人，導致商貿路線萎縮。因此，高樸案不僅說明乾隆皇帝的懲貪，實際上也顯現政府統制經濟與商人自由經濟間之消長過程。

In recent years, since the Ching Dynasty archives from Imperial Household Department have been released, there are many articles of interest. The illegal smuggling of jade by Kao Pu is one typical case. This article explores the Sinkiang and hinterlands’ jade trading activities under Ching Dynasty’s Emperor Kao Tsung. When Ching Dynasty conquered Sinkiang, merchants and craftsmen followed to continue this prosperous but illegal jade trading in Sinkiang and hinterland, to accumulate their fortunes. The merchant’s testimonies revealed how they raised funds, accumulated profits, and reclaimed trading routes, etc. Secondly, according to archives from Imperial Household Department, there were thousands of catties of jade paying tribute to the royal court each year, however, more than one hundred thousand catties of illegal smuggled jade were seized by the government in Kao Pu’s case. Merchants were prohibited from engaging in such fast trading practices of jade. Thus, when the jade market became a monopoly, it greatly raided the price of jade. As the silk fabric trade in Sinkiang and the entire area south of the Yangtze River became a thriving business, controlled by Imperial Household Department, merchants used Sinkiang jade in exchange for silk and china. This instigated dissent and competition between merchants and government. In Kao Pu’s case, Emperor Kao Tsung abolished the merchant trading routes. Hence, Kao Pu’s case not only highlights corruption depletion, but also the upheavals between a governmentally controlled economy and a market free economy.

內務府；商人；玉石；統制經濟；自由經濟

內務府；商人；玉石；統制經濟；自由經濟