本文從政治、思想、及宗教的角度，探討中古時代基督教正統與異端之爭。主題雖然是有關教義闡釋之爭辯，但勝（正統）、負（異端）之關鍵，往往深受客觀環境的影響，諸如：城市的興起、教會的改革、知識分子之湧現、及其與俗世王侯和教廷的關係等等。

This paper examines the orthodoxy and heresy of medieval Christianity from political, intellectual, and religious points of view. Even though apparently there were arguments on religious doctrines, the key issues for the winner(orthodoxy) and loser(heresy) were greatly affected by many factors, such as the rise of medieval towns, the reforms of the Church, the emergence of intellectuals, and the relationship between secular rulers and the Church.

正統；異端；中古基督教

orthodoxy; heresy; Medieval Christianity