從清季到民初，相當一部分趨新士人的持續願望，是將中國傳統送進博物院，不許其在新時代裏延續。為不影響中國這一國家和中國人這一民族的發展，必須從「現代」裏驅除「古代」是不少時人共用的觀念和努力的方向。二十世紀頭十年間，在巴黎的中國無政府主義者已對此做出了明確的表述。此後這樣的觀念長期流傳，在五四新文化運動、尤其是北伐前後相當風行。儘管新舊陣營中皆有少數人對傳統的「古董化」提出過異議，一些我們過去認為偏於「守舊」之人卻也多少接受傳統已成「古董」的見解。本文簡單勾勒這一觀念在清季民初的流傳、演化和表述的進程，稍兼及其對後世的影響。

Innovationist intellectuals in the late Qing and early Republic continuously hoped to relegate China's traditions to the museum, not allowing them to continue into the modern era. Believing that tradition would adversely affect the development of the Chinese nation, many intellectuals tried hard to exorcise the “ancient” from the “modern”. This view had been clearly expressed by Chinese anarchists in Paris in the first decade of the twentieth century, after which it continued to circulate, becoming particularly popular from the May Fourth New Culture Movement to the Northern Expedition. Although a few intellectuals in both innovationist and conservative circles criticized this “antiquitization” of tradition, even some we have considered to be conservative agreed that the Chinese tradition had become an “antique”. This essay examines the process whereby this view was expressed, circulated, and developed in the late Qing and early Republican period, and also looks at its later impact.

傳統古董化；反傳統；傳統與現代；清季民初思想；文化與國家

the “antiquitization” of tradition; anti-traditionism/iconoclasm; tradition and modernity; mind of the late Qing and early Republic; culture and state