本文追溯十九世紀末至二十世紀初的中國現代醫病關係〔之理想〕的誕生過程，始於傳統醫家的開業術與擇病而醫，病家擇醫的責任與策略，以及醫病雙方如何透過脈診與脈案而進行互動，終結於西醫如何在傳統中醫主導的醫學文化中，為醫病關係樹立全新、且相互支持的「責任、權力、與信仰」。另一方面，中醫師開始學習西醫的專業制度與價值，進而建立同僚的權威。然而自一九二九年起，中西醫師間發生了有組織的、長達十餘年的政治鬥爭，新生中的醫病關係也被深刻地捲入其中，甚至成為鬥爭的焦點，是以中西醫師的論爭將不可避免地影響此後中國醫家與病人權力的消長，並深刻地型塑現代中國的病人。兩段表面上獨立發展的歷史，自此緊密地互相穿透、彼此纏繞。

The first aim of this work is to trace the emergence of the new doctor-patient relationship from the late 19th century to the Republican period. In the traditional Chinese society, doctors did not assume responsibility in treating the patients and tend to avoid difficult case. In response, Chinese patients developed procedures and strategies in testing doctors’ capability. Since the late Qing period, Western-style doctors introduced into China a new kind of idealized relationship between “accountable doctors and loyal patients,” thus re-defining doctors responsibility and patients’ trust upon them. The second section re-frames this social history along the problematic of the historical struggle between practitioners of Chinese medicine and Western-trained doctors in the 1930s. This historical struggle significantly patterned the doctor-patient relationship and exercised an enduring impact on the modern sick-role in China.

中醫；醫病關係；信仰；責任；中西醫論爭

Chinese Medicine; Doctor-Patient Relationship; Struggle between Chinese and Western medicine; Trust; Professional Responsibility