吐魯番是絲綢之路上的文化交流重鎮之一。吐魯番出土文獻中保留了非常珍貴的醫學資料。歷史上的文化與宗教的頻繁交流，對醫學知識在吐魯番的傳播與融合，起到了極大的促進作用。可以說，吐魯番無疑是漢唐五代時期中外醫學交流的最活躍地區之一。吐魯番不僅有漢方醫學，也有基於多種外來語的非漢方醫學。本文在比對、校勘的基礎上，主要對吐魯番漢文醫學文書中的一些藥物用法進行了辨析，試圖剝離出其中所包含的外來知識成分。從所討論的結果來看，以印度生命吠陀為主的外來醫學文化知識對吐魯番中醫學有相當大的影響。吐魯番漢文醫學文書中既有使用外來藥物的藥方，也有印度生命吠陀及佛教醫學等外來醫學理論的遺存，形成了早期的「中胡醫結合」的特殊景觀。這將有助於進一步考察中古時期中醫學對外來知識接受的具體程度與效果，以揭示豐富的文化交流之斑斕一角。

Turfan was one of the most important centers of cultural intercommunion on the ancient Silk Road. As the site of frequent contacts of many kinds of foreign cultures and religions from Han to Tang China, Turfan also became one of the most active centers of exchanges between Chinese medicine and non-Chinese medical systems. Some very invaluable medical manuscripts were unearthed from Turfan in last century. This essay focuses on the Turfan Chinese medical manuscripts, pointing out some non-Chinese medical theory and all foreign remedies used in these prescriptions. An appreciation of foreign elements in Turfan Chinese medical manuscripts helps us to understand both the concrete acceptance of foreign knowledge in Chinese medicine and it was ultimately changed in practice in mediaeval China.

吐魯番；漢語醫學文書；醫學交流史

Turfan; Chinese medical manuscripts; history of medical exchanges