本文試圖探討國民政府制訂的《首都計畫》中，隱含的「知識 / 權力」關係，並說明近代中國引進西方「都市計畫」的獨特歷史過程。本文的研究發現如下：首先，源於歐美的都市計畫，是在國民政府建國的需求下，被當成一種可以鞏固國民政府威權統治的先進知識而引進。不過，由於價值目的之根本差異，《首都計畫》內中所包攝的，除了承襲自歐美的科學主義外，還發展出一套具現於空間上的民族論述，使得《首都計畫》最終成為一種既「現代」又「民族」的都市計畫。其次，《首都計畫》的規劃論述，亦有建構個人權力的作用；因為時當兩股政治勢力爭奪首都城市規劃權，規劃者以上的論述策略，正可提高其在權力競逐時的優勢。最後，《首都計畫》中規劃建立的都市計畫制度，也可以強化國民政府的統治深度與廣度；同時，也可讓掌握《首都計畫》論述的規劃師，獲得專業權威和相關經濟社會利益。透過《首都計畫》這個個案分析，本文除期望能對近代中國之所以產生「都市計畫」的特定歷史條件有所釐清外，並試圖證示都市計畫隨後成為國民政府威權統治一部份的原因。

The article explores the “planning discourse” behind the Capital Plan of Nanking, the first city planning project in modern China, and analyzes the relationship between knowledge and power that it implied. First, with the need for state-building, the Nationalist government introduced Western city planning, which was considered advanced, scientific knowledge, to reinforce its legitimacy. In addition to the application of Western city planning, the planners’ own “invention” of the palace architecture as Chinese “traditional” style was included in the Capital Plan in order to make it both “modern” and “national.” Second, the Capital Plan also served to increase the powers of certain individuals. With two political forces contesting the Capital Plan, the city planners elevated the competitive superiority of power-holders based on the above discursive strategy. Third, the Capital Plan was created to reinforce political powers and was eventually dismantled due to incompatibility of those powers. Through analyzing the Capital Plan, this article not only clarifies the particular historical context in which the first Chinese city planning “project” was developed, but also demonstrates how city planning became part of the authoritarian rule of the Nationalist government.

《首都計畫》；南京；都市計畫；建國；規劃論述；知識/權力

Capital Plan; Nanking; city planning; state-building; planning discourse; knowledge/power