本文研究英格蘭國王亨利三世(Henry Ⅲ, r. 1216-1272)1259 年底到1260 年春，五個月間在法國的行動。亨利在位時從1258 年開始有一場持續約十年的內亂，整個過程常被看作是英格蘭國會形成的重要環節。1258 年6 月之後，國王喪失對政府的控制。奪權貴族透過原有的行政機制中的政務委員會，掌握政權，似乎有意掌權到至少亨利去世為止。國王在新政權下的角色，在1259 年底開始的五個月才能明顯看出，因為此時貴族無法直接掌控國王本人，而國王無法任意支配政府。從國王與掌權貴族的互動，可以看出貴族只將王權當中部分徒為儀式性的權力留與國王行使，例如接受封建附庸的臣服禮及宣誓效忠(雖然這個附庸可能支持掌權貴族)，以及赦免過失殺人者(雖然只要經查證屬實者皆會得到赦免)。國王無法接受這樣的安排，而貴族在這段期間利用政務委員會代行王權的失敗經驗，是往後貴族改用國會來限制王權的部分背景。

This article focuses on the activities of King Henry III of England (r. 1216-1258) during his stay in France from November 1259 to April 1260. The importance of the baronial movement from 1258 to 1267 for English constitutional development has long been recognized. In this article, the actions of Henry and the baronial council in England are analyzed in order to show what kingship meant to the king and to the barons. Over the months he stayed in France, Henry’s attitude changed from delight in being free from conciliar control, to defiance towards the council, and then to an impressive hauteur when defending his traditional, kingly rights to presentation during an episcopal vacancy. Meanwhile, whilst jealously guarding their control over all branches of government and over the king’s patronage, the barons had to depend on the king for quite a few things. The king’s place in the ceremonials before a tenant-in-chief could assume his inheritance was not taken from him, nor could anyone else claim the authority to pardon homicides or to issue royal charters. Such rights may well have served as a constant reminder of how indispensable the king was and contributed to his recovery of power.

kingship; thirteenth-century England; Henry III; baronial; Movement