十三和十四世紀期間，一種根據世襲、根據出生的新王權正當性概念，受到當代的法學家和知識份子們的宣揚，使得以祝聖典禮確認王權正當性的傳統方式受到質疑與考驗。關於「死者的遺產在死後立即歸屬繼承人」的準則所形成的政治權力理論依據，導致王位繼承即時性理論的出現。它完全否定祝聖典禮對於君主最高權力正當性的法制效力與價值。這種以法學為依據的新政治思想，目的在保障王權擺脫教權的束縛。中世紀晚期，研究羅馬法出身的知識份子認為，國王即位的祝聖典禮只是一種純粹的慶典，對於君主政權的正當性並非是必不可少的要素；儘管祝聖典禮逐漸喪失法制上的效力，一般社會大眾仍持續地相信經過祝聖典禮的國王才是真正的國王，即使國王本身對於祝聖典禮也極為重視；更確切地說，法蘭西神聖性王權的威信來自於祝聖典禮，對於中世紀晚期政治思想的影響力也是不容忽視。然而，在這兩種矛盾觀念衝擊下，法蘭西王權逐漸擴張發展，在往後的世紀中呈現出一種更具法理性、世俗性的神聖王權面貌。 因此，本文著重於中世紀晚期法蘭西王權演變與發展，欲透過當代政治上與思想意識形態上的學說論據，以及在英法百年戰爭的背景下，探討法蘭西神聖性王權逐漸世俗化的演變過程，以及萌芽期的君主國家的政權依據之衝突與調適？以法學的觀點對法蘭西王權的神聖性本質重新定義，為朝向近代君主國家發展的法國專制王權的形成與確立，提供歷史的脈絡與政治思想理論的基礎。

In the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, jurists and intellectuals advocated the legitimacy of new royal power based on heredity and birth, which led to the challenge of the traditional royal legitimacy endorsed by consecration (sacre). The principle of “the dead seizes the living” (le mort saisit le vif) as the basis of political power developed into a theory of hereditary succession. It denied the validity and value of consecration, which had long rendered supreme power to kings. The aim of this new political thought based on Roman Law was to protect kingship from the intervention of the Church. In the eyes of Roman lawyers, consecration at the succession of the throne was merely a ritual, or a necessary ceremony, but not an indispensable element of royal legitimacy. Despite the decline in the symbolic importance of consecration in the later Middle Ages, the general public still believed that only those who had been consecrated could be rightful kings. Moreover, kings themselves held consecration in great esteem. To be more precise, in France, the legitimacy of divine kingship originated from the sacre in the context of medieval political ideology. The bestowing of supreme regal prestige by the chrismation, by means of the “divine chrism,” was deeply rooted in the political thinking of the age, which made it impossible to eliminate consecration from monarchical institutions. Continuing my previous study, “Regime ‘Sacralization’?—The Coronation of the Frankish Kings,” this article aims to study the evolution of French kingship in the late Middle Ages. Through an analysis of late medieval political and ideological theories, in the historical context of the Hundred Years’ War, I look into the holiness of French kingship, the desacralizing nature of the new political ideology, and the larger socio-political milieu in western Europe, which nurtured emerging nation-states and their attendant conflicts and resolutions. In the late Middle Ages, laws redefined sacred kingship in France. This redefinition was based on historical context and political ideology, both of which were conducive to the formation and consolidation of French autocratic royal power and the development of the modern nation-state.

祝聖典禮；羅馬法；百年戰爭；王位繼承立即性；君主國家

coronation; monarchy; Roman law; The Hundred Years’ War; instantaneous royal succession; autocratic royal power; nation-state