本文以雷州地區雷祖信仰所呈現出亦神亦祖的形態為中心，考察地方信仰在長時段中的變化。本文認為，雷州地區宗族禮儀的建構，直至明末清初才出現。由於這個區域本身有著根深蒂固的土俗傳統，體現在信仰領域，就是神明的力量特別強大。當宗族禮儀進入以後，當地土著意識到以神明作為祖先不合乎正統禮儀的規範。於是神明在人格化的過程中產生裂變，如雷祖與雷首。同時，儒家化後的一套禮儀並沒有完全消除過去的痕跡，所以我們看到了具有多重身份的神明，以及集祠堂與廟宇於一身的建築。

During the late period of the Jin Dynasty, the renaissance of Confucianism depended on the awakening of the Confucians. It occurred before the northern tour of Zhao Fu, and was not the direct result of the influence of the Neo-Confucianism (lixue) of the Southern Song. On the contrary, the renaissance can be seen as the effort of the Confucians who lived under the rule of the Jurchen and had struggled against the constant pressure of Neo-Daoism and Buddhism for a long time. This article examines the internal logic of the Jin Confucian renaissance. Because of the influence of the culture of the Northern Song Dynasty, the term “Dao”(Way) did not mean Neo-Confucianism in Jin Dynasty intellectual discourse but rather referred to Daoism, especially the Quanzhen School, a major sect of Daoism that originated in northern China in the twelfth century. Up to the first decade of the thirteenth century, Neo-Daoism dominated the scholarly discourse of northern China. The Confucians of the Jin Dynasty thus turned to cooperation with Buddhists to act as a counterbalance to the Quanzhen School, and seek foster own development. Therefore, they could not identify with the Confucians of the Lixue School, who strictly excluded both Buddhism and Daoism. As the domination of the Jurchen weakened, the Confucians of northern China constructed a kind of cultural identify based on Confucianism. “Our Way” (wu Dao) was the terminology they used to definite their doctrine, and to distinguish themselves from Lixue followers. The process of acceptance of so-called Daoxue (that is, Neo-Confucianism) of the Southern Song by the Confucians of the Jin Dynasty thus ran through many twists and turns, from outright cultural confrontation to final identification with Song Confucianism.

宗族; 地方信仰; 雷神

lineage; local deity; Leizu (thunder god)