隨著社會流動窗口的開啟，操弄或預卜個人禍福及家族興衰的風水卜算之術，在宋代廣為流行，並在士人生活中佔據重要地位。儒士官僚或為提升社會地位，或為探究天人相關的實質，而與風水卜算術士接觸密切。另一方面，術士為拓展服務市場以及改善社會地位，也積極進行技藝、形式、和品味的修正與改善，以吸引更多的士人顧客和獲得更大的利益。基於儒士與術士的這種密切互動，本研究希望以文化交流的視角，來探討這個新興的社會文化現象，從中釐清士人對於「正道」與「小道」的認知更張，以及術士地位和數術內容的改變。本研究將論證在宋代政治、社會和文化的變動，以及儒術的交融下，原本被視為「小道」的風水卜算之術，不但在士人眼中變成一種可敬的學問，也是一種可供選擇的職業類別。而術士的社會地位和專業展現，也朝著士人階層和文化特質的方向邁進，成為士人交遊網絡中的一環。儒士和術士的這種認知與實踐改變，不但縮短了雙方的文化與社會距離，也重塑各自的文化面貌。

As potent ways of manipulating family fortune and prophesying individual fate, geomancy and prognostication became extremely popular during the Song, a time when social mobility was very dynamic. Men with skills in geomancy and prognostication were frequently consulted by the educated elite, who hoped to improve their status and ensure the perpetuation of their families. Through examining the close contacts between the educated elite and mantic experts, this article highlights the reciprocity that characterized their interactions. I argue that while diviners’mantic knowledge helped alleviate the elite’s anxiety over the future, justify their achievements, and incite academic debate, the elite’s recognition of mantic knowledge also enabled diviners to obtain wealth, reputation, and social status. Motivated by these mutual benefits, mantic experts and educated elites tended to develop a tighter social network that in turn helped shorten the perceived social and cultural gap between them, and ultimately reshape the cultural characteristics of each qroup.

宋代士人; 小道; 卜算; 術士; 交遊網絡

Song literati; lesser arts; divination; diviners; social networks