本文焦點在闡釋柯靈烏歷史化的道德思想。對柯靈烏而言，實踐理性的主要範疇是效益、「對的」與責任；這三個範疇不僅有形式與程度上的差別，而且還分別展示出理性的不同層級。沿著柯靈烏觀念論式的「形式階層」理念，以及他獨特的歷史主義觀點，本文將試圖說明：對柯靈烏而言，責任意識、亦即實踐理性的最高形式，終究將與歷史意識合而為一。在此意義上，筆者認為柯靈烏可被視為是針砭歐洲現代文明有關自然主義與科學主義兩方面道德危機的一位實質批評者。

In this essay, my focus is R. G. Collingwood’s historicized moral thinking. For Collingwood, the main categories of practical reason are utility, right and duty; they differ both in kind and in degree and exhibit different levels of rationality. Drawing on Collingwood’s idealist notion of “the scale of forms” and his unique version of historicism, I try to make the point that for Collingwood the consciousness of duty—that is, the highest form of practical reason—is ultimately identical with historical consciousness. In this sense, it seems to me that Collingwood can be seen as a substantial critic of the moral crisis of modern European civilization in terms of naturalism and scientism.

柯靈烏；英國觀念論；歷史主義；自然主義；效益；對的；責任；歷史性

R. G. Collingwood; British idealism; historicism; naturalism; utility; right; duty; historicity