Naomi Standen 教授2007 年出版的專著Unbounded Loyalty: FrontierCrossings in Liao China，在國際學界引起很大迴響。此書針對西元907-1005 年近百年之間因為各種原因進入遼領域的人群，細緻地論證有關這些人的「忠」這一議題。作者排比與對勘多種史料，並配合其他社會科學的理論與成果，觀察遼五代宋之間邊界地區人群的流動和情勢的變化，生動地以「忠」這個概念勾勒出一個遼代歷史研究中的新領域與面向。本文討論了這本書成立的內容與背景，介紹作者的研究取向和研究成果，並且對書中值得深入研究的關鍵問題提出商榷。

Naomi Standen published Unbounded Loyalty: Frontier Crossings in Liao China in 2007. This monograph covers the movements of several officials from south of the Liao empire, such as Li Huan, Han Yanhui, Zhang Li, Zhao Yanshou, and Wang Jizhong, and the like, who crossed the boundary and served the Liao until the Shanyuan (Chanyuan) Treaty of 1005. Standen shifted and compared various historical sources to explore the shifts of the border, the identity of the émigrés, and how concepts of loyalty changed in different records. The book sheds new light on the rule of the Liao in the Tang-Song transition period and has evoked many reviews and arguments. This review summarizes the main points of the book, briefly discusses several of its key points about ethnicity and cultural identity in the Liao and the effects of historical explanation, and provides some errata and supplements.

忠；邊界；族群；文化認同；跨界；遼史；五代史

loyalty; boundary; ethnic groups; cultural identity; frontier crossings; history of Liao; history of Five Dynasties