This article studies the Qingming shanghe tu from the vantage point of decorum (li 禮), the notion in historical China that denotes the tangible regulations and theoretical concepts governing a social actor’s interaction with others in a given situation. Given the multiple interpersonal encounters depicted in the Qingming scroll, decorum offers a particularly pertinent angle for analysis that has not yet been fully exploited. Utilizing textual and pictorial sources, this study aims to reconstruct the foundational principles of decorum relevant to street encounters in the eleventh century, providing a framework for analyzing the incidents depicted in the scroll. The analysis focuses first on depictions of giving-way and crisis situations, and then on the portrayal of members of the shi class, in an effort to elucidate decorum’s multiple mediations of pictorial representation. This study contends that by shaping the many visual choices made by the painting’s artists and commissioners, decorum provides an essential lens for understanding the painting’s purpose and its moral and philosophical depth.

本文從禮的視角考察《清明上河圖》，而所謂禮，乃指古代中國社會在特定情境中指導其參與者與他人互動的一套具體規範和理論概念。《清明上河圖》刻畫了不同階層之間的相遇和互動，因此禮是與此畫極其相關的研究角度，然而至今尚未為學界充分發掘。本文結合文獻和圖像資料，嘗試重建十一世紀街道禮儀的基本原則，為解讀圖中各種人際互動提供分析框架。研究首先聚焦「避讓」與「危機」情境的描繪，又探討士階層人物的姿態與行為，進而揭示禮在畫境再現過程中不同層次的調節作用。本研究認為，禮影響了《清明上河圖》的創作者和訂製者諸多繪圖視覺上的選擇，也是我們了解此畫創作意圖以及其倫理哲學深度的關鍵性視鏡。

Decorum; realism; giving-way; street encounter; shi class

禮; 寫實主義; 迴避; 道途相遇; 士階層