從清代到民國時期，漢人關於西藏與藏人的記載，相當程度上是輾轉互相抄襲。由於藏人社會裡男女角色顛倒錯位，甚至存在著兄弟共妻的現象，從而成為漢人知識分子筆下將西藏加以性別化的依據，並大量使用情色化修辭來再現西藏的政治、社會、歷史及地理。參與其中者非僅一般輿論及報刊，即使康藏研究專家及民族學者亦難自外於此。由於西藏婦女被認為擁有身體強健與自由行動的形象，因此在民國時期的婦女運動脈絡下，獲得漢人輿論的正面評價，但其實藏人女性只是作為漢人婦女對照組的浪漫想像。在現代化與文明化的號召下，族群性別化意味著男性漢人對女性化西藏的征服，甚至可以透過通婚來征服西藏。儘管已有少數的旅行者及人類學者對西藏婦女及兩性婚姻關係作出更好的觀察與研究；然而，在廣大的文獻裡，西藏仍然遭到妖魔化與情色化。

This article examines the discourse of Han Chinese about Tibetan women during the republican period, particularly how male Han Chinese erotically imagined Tibetan women. Han Chinese represented politics, society, history, and geography by gendering and eroticizing Tibet, noting inverted gender roles and fraternal polyandry in Tibetan society. But there is no fixed gendering and eroticized discourse among these writings. In the context of the women’s movement of the republican era, Tibetan women were also regarded as physically strong and freedom. These positive descriptions, however, were just a romantic image drawn in contrast with Han women. Appealing to modernization and civilization, male Han Chinese gendered Tibetan ethnicity and conquered a femanized Tibet, even through intermarriage. A few travelers and anthropologists offered precise observations and research on Tibet women and the marriage system, but more often Tibet was completely demonized and erocitized.

西藏觀；西藏婦女；族群性別化；情色化的西藏；一妻多夫

perceptions of Tibet; Tibetan women; gendered ethnicity; eroticized Tibet; polyandry