更新（updating）是一種重要的執行功能，涉及在工作記憶中持續調整和更新信息，以適應環境的 變化。本研究旨在發展一套標準化的評估工具，以便更準確地測量更新能力並進一步探討更新能 力的發展軌跡。本研究首先回顧了現有的更新能力測量方法，並指出了這些方法在與其他執行功 能區分上的侷限性。為了解決這一問題，本研究基於 running memory task 設計了一個平板版的更 新測驗，該測驗可計算最高廣度指標和更新分數指標來反映個體之更新能力。為了驗證更新測驗 的有效性，本研究採用了多種效標關聯效度分析，結果顯示更新測驗的表現與處理速度、軌跡標 示測驗、分類測驗及學習成效均具有顯著相關性。此外，更新測驗在六個月的再測信度檢驗中也 表現出良好的穩定性。本研究進一步探討了更新能力的發展軌跡，發現更新能力在 7 歲至成年早 期之間隨年齡增長逐漸提高，並在成年後趨於穩定。本研究的結果不僅強調了更新能力在不同年 齡段的發展特徵，也為未來在教育及臨床實務中對更新能力的評估提供了可靠的工具和理論支持。

Updating, a key executive function, involves continuously adjusting and refreshing information within working memory to adapt to changing environments. This cognitive function is crucial for ensuring that relevant information is maintained while outdated or irrelevant information is discarded. The present study aimed to develop a standardized assessment tool for accurately measuring updating ability and to explore the developmental trajectory of this cognitive function across different age groups. Initially, a review of existing methods for measuring updating ability was conducted, revealing several limitations, particularly in distinguishing updating from other executive functions such as inhibition and shifting. Most existing tests, including the n-back task and complex working memory span tasks, tend to confound updating with other working memory components, making it difficult to isolate the specific contribution of updating ability. To address these limitations, this study developed a tablet-based updating test using the running memory task paradigm. This test calculates both maximum span and updating scores to comprehensively reflect an individual’s updating capacity. The maximum span index represents the highest level of difficulty at which participants can accurately remember the last items presented in a sequence, while the updating score captures the consistency of performance at different levels of difficulty, reflecting stability in updating ability. The validity of the newly developed updating test was assessed through various criterion-related validity analyses. Significant correlations were observed between the updating test scores and a range of cognitive measures, including processing speed, the Trail Making Test, classification tasks, and academic learning outcomes. These findings indicate that the updating test is a valid tool for assessing updating ability, and that updating ability is closely related to general cognitive processes such as speed, flexibility, and reasoning. Moreover, the test-retest reliability of the updating test was examined over a six-month interval, with results showing strong stability in both the maximum span and updating scores. This suggests that the updating test can reliably assess an individual’s updating ability over time. The developmental trajectory of updating ability was further examined in this study, which involved participants ranging from 7 years old to early adulthood. The results indicated that updating ability improves steadily from childhood through adolescence and reaches a plateau during adulthood. Specifically, the ability develops rapidly during childhood, with significant

平板、更新能力、執行功能、發展軌跡

tablet computer, updating, executive function, developmental trajectory