高雄被稱為「工業城市」，與高雄港的工業區息息相關，從日治時期的戲獅甲到戰後的高雄臨海工業區，都是當時臺灣工業的火車頭，高雄臨海工業區為戰後規模最大的工業區之一，但為何要在高雄港建立工業區，其實是與戰後臺灣經建規劃有關。

臨海工業區源自於戰後高雄港擴建工程，本文指出，高雄港擴建工程與中央的工業規劃有關，因工業土地缺乏，經建單位希望在高雄港填築土地，成立加工出口區及鋼鐵廠，因此於 1958 年，由高雄港務局執行十二年擴建計畫，但原預計租售給廠商的土地因缺乏基礎建設，導致廠商退租，此時政府正開始推廣工業區，在中央經建單位斡旋下，由臺灣省政府在 1961 年成立「南部工業區」開發擴建土地，且在區內完成了臺灣第一個加工出口區。

因為第一期成效不錯，第二期則擴大範圍，打造當時全台最大的工業區，也因為規模過大，最後由 1970 年成立的經濟部工業局接手開發，並更名為「高雄臨海工業區」，延續南部工業區，共分四期開發，並在第四期建立十大建設的中鋼、中船，於 1977 年全區完工。

高雄臨海工業區希望藉由中鋼及中船的興建，整合高雄原有的鋼鐵、造船、機械工業，成為臺灣重工業的核心，雖然後來發展未如預期，但迄今仍是臺灣鋼鐵、造船工業重心，對臺灣工業發展頗具影響。

Kaohsiung is often referred to as “the industrial city of Taiwan,” and this is closely related to the industrial parks near Kaohsiung Harbor. From Xishijia during Japanese rule to Kaohsiung Linhai Industrial Park after World War II, this area has always been the powerhouse of Taiwan’s industrial development. Kaohsiung Linhai industrial zone is one of the largest industrial zones after WWII. However, why is there an industrial development around Kaohsiung Harbor is closely related to Taiwan’s post-war economic planning.

The creation of Linhai Industrial Area after the war was resulted from the expansion of Kaohsiung Harbor. This essay points out that Kaohsiung Harbor’s expansion is closely related to the planning by the central government. The plan is to reclaim land in the harbor for the processing of exported goods and for steel plants. Hence in 1958, Kaohsiung Harbor Bureau launched a 12-year expansion plan. However, poor infrastructure thwarted leasing, and during this period, the government is promoting industrial parks, so the authorities overseeing economic development coordinated to establish Southern Industrial Area in 1961 to develop the new land, pushing the building of Taiwan’s first export processing zone.

The success of the phase one expansion led to the enlarged area in phase two to build the largest industrial zone at that time. Due to the scale, it was taken over by the newly founded Industrial Bureau under the Ministry of Economic Affairs in 1970 and changed the name of the area to Kaohsiung Linhai Industrial Park, which is a continuation of the Southern Industrial Area, with four phases of development. China Steel Corporation and CSBS Corporation was founded in phase four as part of the “Ten Major Construction Projects.” The development of the entire area was completed in 1977.

Kaohsiung Linhai Industrial Area planned to integrate the city’s existing steel, shipbuilding, and machinery industries by the founding of CSC and CSBS plants. Although the subsequent development didn’t go as planned, it remains the center of Taiwan’s steel and shipbuilding industries, and has huge impact to the island’s industrial development.

高雄港;南部工業區;臨海工業區;加工出口區

Kaohsiung Harbor; Southern Industrial Park; Linhai Industrial Park; Export Processing Zone