「五四運動」發生迄今100年，這100年來不僅是中國從帝制轉型成共和的關鍵年代，也是中國摸索如何建立現代政治制度的青澀歲月。本文首先探討五四運動在中國現代史上的意義，分析它作為一場「愛國學生運動」、一場「新文化運動」，以及「馬列主義進中國的先驅」，分別發揮了什麼作用。其次，本文回顧一百多年來，民主政治在中國的顛躓歷程，以及臺灣1980年代後期民主轉型的意義。接著，本文比較兩岸三地政治制度的差異，以及「人民民主」跟「憲政民主」在實踐上的利弊得失。最後，本文探索這場尚未結束的制度競賽究竟帶給我們什麼啟示，以及我們應該如何看待民主普世價值的問題。

The May Fourth Movement happened one hundred years ago. The century between 1919 and 2019 was not only the critical epoch of China's transformation from an empirical to a republican order, but also a turbulent time during which China explored its modern political institutions. This article first illuminates the significances of the May Fourth Movement in the history of modern China-as a patriotic student movement, a new culture movement, and the precursor of Marxism-Leninism in China. It then examines the processes of democratization in Mainland China and Taiwan, as well as the relative merits and shortcomings of ＂people's democracy＂ and ＂constitutional democracy.＂ Finally, this article reflects on the significance of institutional competition between the two sides of the Taiwan Strait, and asks questions regarding the universal value of democracy.

五四運動；民主；中國；臺灣

May Fourth Movement; democracy; China; Taiwan