中共教育當局自1949年以來，數度頒布中小學地理教學大綱，大綱中含有教材大綱外，並規定地理教學之目標與任務。其教學目標為「認知」、「技能」、「德育」，其中的「德育」目標又稱為「思想政治教育」，包含「政治教育」、「思想教育」、「道德教育」三部份。 中共教育當局頒布之中小學地理教學大綱，因政治之因素而有階段性的演變，1949~1963年之間，主要的是「學習蘇聯的教育體系和地理內容結構」，首次提及教學任務含「助學生養成辯證唯物主義之世界觀，使其受到愛國主義和國際主義的教育」，當時地理課僅在初二、初三之課程中教授。1963年再頒之地理教學大綱，則逐漸脫離蘇聯教育體系和內容結構的影響。1966年~1976年的文化大革命，地理課程就和其他課程一樣，慘遭停擺；1978年再頒之地理教學大綱，又仍以辯證唯物主義、無產階級愛國主義和國際主義為其思想政治教育之目標。1986年則加入歷史唯物主義；1991年再加入國情、國策教育。從其所頒之地理教學大綱的原文來看，大陸中小學之地理教學充滿馬克斯與列寧主義的色彩，具有強烈的共產政治意識形態。本文分別將大陸地理學者及教師們對地理教學所負之「愛國主義教育」、「辯證唯物主義」、「國際主義教育」、「國情教育」四項「思想政治教育」的任務及觀點加以分析；對他們如何進行此一教育也予以瞭解。

Since 1949, the educational authorities of the PRC has decreed for several times the guidelines of geographical instruction in elementary and secondary schools which covers not only the outline of teaching material but also the task and the objective of geography teaching. According to the guidelines, the objective of geography teaching is to instruct students with "cognition", "technical skills" as well as "moral education" which includes "political education", "thought education", and moral education itself. This paper therefore aims to examine: (1)the development of geography teaching in Mainland China's elementary and secondary education; (2) the political task of geography teaching which is implied in "the guidelines of elementary and secondary geography teaching" decreed in different stages; (3) how the geography teachers in elementary and secondary schools to fulfill their task of political thought education assigned by the government.

思想政治教育;愛國主義教育;辯證唯物主義教育;國際主義教育;國情教育;團結反霸

Political thoughts education;Patriotism education;Dialectical materialism education;Internationalism education;Education of country's situation;Unity and anti-hegemony