本研究採用個案研究法，以兩位5-6歲發展性語言障礙兒童為研究對象，探究融合工作記憶之桌遊介入對提升學前發展性語言障礙兒童語言能力的可能影響。因語言障礙為一異質性高之群體，且目前研究對於發展性語言障礙兒童的視覺空間工作記憶能力是否有缺陷尚未有定論，因此本研究所選取的兩位研究對象均有音韻工作記憶缺陷及較弱的視覺空間工作記憶能力，個案間的高同質性將有助於提升本研究結果之內部效度。研究工具為研究者自行設計之融合工作記憶桌遊，進行為期八個星期的介入，一星期兩次，共十六次的介入。介入前後以非詞複誦作業、魏氏幼兒智力量表之「圖畫記憶」及「動物園」分測驗以及修訂學前兒童語言障礙評量表分別測量個案之音韻工作記憶、視覺工作記憶，以及語言能力，並分析個案在前後測之各項表現差異，進一步探討融合工作記憶之桌遊對增進工作記憶和語言能力之可能性。本研究結果顯示融合工作記憶之桌遊介入能夠有效提升個案之音韻工作記憶能力及語言能力，但僅能夠提升部分個案之視覺工作記憶能力。整體結果較支持音韻工作記憶能力的提升有助於個案之語言發展。

This study utilized a case study approach to investigate the possible effects of a board game intervention that incorporates working memory (WM) on enhancing the language abilities of two preschool children (aged 5-6 years old) with DLD. Since language impairment is a heterogeneous group, and the current research has not yet concluded whether children with DLD have deficits in visual working memory, the two subjects selected for this study both have deficits in phonological and visual working memory. The homogeneity of these two cases will help to enhance the internal validity of the results. The research instrument was a fusion WM board game designed by the researcher, and the intervention lasted for eight weeks and twice a week, with a total of sixteen intervention sessions. Before and after the intervention, Nonword Repetition Task, the "Picture Memory" and "Zoo" subtests of the WPPSI-IV, and the Modified Preschool Language Impairment Assessment Scale were used to measure the children’ phonological working memory, visual working memory, and language ability. The comparisons of performances on the pre- and post-tests were analyzed to indicate the individual child’s changes or progresses during the intervention and to further examine the possible effects of this board game integrated WM on enhancing the working memory and language ability. The results showed that the board game integrated WM was effective in improving the phonological working memory and verbal ability, but only in improving the visual working memory in some cases. The overall results were more supportive of the idea that the enhancement of phonological working memory could be beneficial to language development.

發展性語言障礙;工作記憶;音韻工作記憶;視覺工作記憶;桌遊

developmental language disorder; working memory; phonological working memory; visual working memory; board game